Disease causing insufficient blood cells of all types
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Medical condition
Aplastic anemia
Specialty
Oncology, hematology
Symptoms
pale skin, fatigue, fast heart rate, rash, dizziness, headache, frequent or prolonged infections, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, prolonged bleeding from cuts, unexplained or easy bruising,[1] hematoma
Risk factors
Smoking, family history, ionizing radiation, some chemicals, prior chemotherapy, Down syndrome
Diagnostic method
bone marrow biopsy
Treatment
bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy, radiotherapy,
targeted therapy
Prognosis
five-year survival rate 45%
Frequency
3.83 million (2015)
Deaths
563,000 (2015)
Aplastic anemia[2] (AA)[3] is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers. Aplastic anemia is associated with cancer and various cancer syndromes. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by stem cells that reside there.[4] Aplastic anemia causes a deficiency of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.[5][6]
It occurs most frequently in people in their teens and twenties but is also common among the elderly. It can be caused by heredity, immune disease, or exposure to chemicals, drugs, or radiation. However, in about half of cases, the cause is unknown.[5][6]
Aplastic anemia can be definitively diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy. Normal bone marrow has 30–70% blood stem cells, but in aplastic anemia, these cells are mostly gone and are replaced by fat.[5][6]
First-line treatment for aplastic anemia consists of immunosuppressive drugs—typically either anti-lymphocyte globulin or anti-thymocyte globulin—combined with corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and ciclosporin. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is also used, especially for patients under 30 years of age with a related, matched marrow donor.[5][6]
Aplastic anemia is known to have caused the deaths of Marie Curie,[7] Eleanor Roosevelt,[8] Luana Reyes, and Molly Holzschlag.
^"Aplastic anemia". Autoimmune Registry. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
^Young NS (25 October 2018). "Aplastic Anemia". New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (17): 1643–1656. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1413485. PMC 6467577. PMID 30354958.
^Murray MT, Nowicki J (2020). "145. Anemia". Textbook of Natural Medicine (5th ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 1100–1107.e1. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-43044-9.00145-X. ISBN 978-0-323-52342-4. S2CID 242292323.
^Acton A (22 July 2013). Aplastic Anemia. ScholarlyEditions. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-4816-5068-7. Aplastic anaemia (AA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder with high mortality rate, which is characterized by pancytopenia and an associated increase in the risk of hemorrhage, infection, organ dysfunction and death.
^ abcdKasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci A, et al. (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-140235-4.[page needed]
^ abcd"Aplastic Anemia". Merck Manual, professional ed.
^"Women who changed science | Marie Curie". The Nobel Prize. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
Aplasticanemia (AA) is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers. Aplasticanemia is associated...
of anemia treated with drugs are iron-deficiency anemia, thalassemia, aplasticanemia, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, and pernicious anemia, the...
considered to be aplastic crisis. For the decrease in all cell lineages (pancytopenia), see aplasticanemia. The majority of cases of aplastic crisis are seen...
largely absent. It is caused by a defect in a developmental process. Aplasticanemia is the failure of the body to produce blood cells. It may occur at...
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), MDS, and liver tumors. 90% develop aplasticanemia (the inability to produce blood cells) by age 40. About 60–75% have...
characteristic of all anemias. Anemia of chronic disease, hereditary spherocytosis, acute blood loss, aplasticanemia (anemia resulting from an inability...
David DeVita (1962 – May 27, 1980) was an American boy with severe aplasticanemia requiring him to live in a sterile hospital room for the last eight...
neutrophils is associated with deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid, aplasticanemia, tumors, drugs, metabolic disease, nutritional deficiencies (including...
invention reportedly took his life, as well: he eventually died of aplasticanemia. Henry Winstanley (1644–1703) designed and built the world's first...
on human subjects. In 2007, the accumulation of reports associating aplasticanemia and blood dyscrasia with chloramphenicol eye drops led to the classification...
("primary PNH") or in the context of other bone marrow disorders such as aplasticanemia ("secondary PNH"). Only a minority of affected people have the telltale...
cells. Conditions where this is found include aplastic, posthemorrhagic, and hemolytic anemias and anemia of chronic disease. MCH (average amount of hemoglobin...
treat thrombocytopenia (abnormally low platelet counts) and severe aplasticanemia. Eltrombopag is sold under the brand name Revolade outside the US and...
prophylaxis. Abnormalities in white blood cell formation, including aplasticanemia, are rare, yet are the cause of the majority of deaths attributable...
thrombocytopenia and anemia. In China, it is approved for second-line treatment for primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and severe aplasticanemia (SAA) in...
disease) in children. This infection is sometimes complicated by severe aplasticanemia caused by lysis of early erythroid precursors.[citation needed] The...
distinguish another cause of pancytopenia, aplasticanemia, from myelophthisic anemia because in aplasticanemia the hematopoietic cells are damaged and...
syndrome in children. However, an increased risk of potentially fatal aplasticanemia and/or liver failure limit the drug's usage to severe refractory epilepsy...
Sideroblastic anemia, or sideroachrestic anemia, is a form of anemia in which the bone marrow produces ringed sideroblasts rather than healthy red blood...
because of its adverse effects. These include hepatitis, urticaria, aplasticanemia, and a retinopathy characterized by yellow deposits and subsequent...
may never resolve. Aplasticanemia happens when bone marrow doesn't produce enough new blood cells throughout the body. Aplasticanemia is an acquired autoimmune...
material the women had ingested as the cause of their bone disease and aplasticanemia, and ultimately death. Illness and death resulting from ingestion of...
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