Symptoms associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain
Medical condition
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Other names
extrapyramidal manifestations; extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE) (when caused by drugs)
Specialty
Neurology
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). They include movement dysfunction such as dystonia (continuous spasms and muscle contractions), akathisia (may manifest as motor restlessness),[1] parkinsonism characteristic symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), tremor, and tardive dyskinesia (irregular, jerky movements).[2] Extrapyramidal symptoms are a reason why subjects drop out of clinical trials of antipsychotics; of the 213 (14.6%) subjects that dropped out of one of the largest clinical trials of antipsychotics (the CATIE trial [Clinical Antipsychotic Trials for Intervention Effectiveness], which included 1460 randomized subjects), 58 (27.2%) of those discontinuations were due to EPS.[3]
^Akagi, Hiroko; Kumar, T Manoj (2002-06-22). "Akathisia: overlooked at a cost". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 324 (7352): 1506–1507. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7352.1506. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1123446. PMID 12077042.
^Pierre, JM (2005). "Extrapyramidal symptoms with atypical antipsychotics: incidence, prevention and management". Drug Safety. 28 (3): 191–208. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528030-00002. PMID 15733025. S2CID 41268164.
^Jeffrey A. Lieberman; T. Scott Stroup; Joseph P. McEvoy; Marvin S. Swartz; Robert A. Rosenheck; Diana O. Perkins; Richard S.E. Keefe; Sonia M. Davis; Clarence E. Davis; Barry D. Lebowitz; Joanne Severe; John K. Hsiao & for the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Investigators (September 22, 2005). "Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia". N Engl J Med. 353 (12): 1209–1223. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051688. PMID 16172203.
and 30 Related for: Extrapyramidal symptoms information
Extrapyramidalsymptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such...
Extrapyramidal can refer to: Extrapyramidal system Extrapyramidalsymptoms This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Extrapyramidal...
anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions. The system is called extrapyramidal to distinguish...
interventions, they may improve long-term adherence to treatment. Extrapyramidalsymptoms, including akathisia, are associated with all commercially available...
is real and what is not real. Symptoms may include delusions and hallucinations, among other features. Additional symptoms are incoherent speech and behavior...
effects of risperidone, which may also lead to increased risk for extrapyramidalsymptoms such as restlessness and dystonia and increased serum prolactin...
neonates exposed to antipsychotic drugs are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery, such as agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia...
cognitive impairments, language difficulties, motor weakness, and extrapyramidalsymptoms. NIFID is one of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-FUS...
delirium among those admitted to hospital. Aside from reduced extrapyramidalsymptoms, and with the clear exception of clozapine, it is unclear whether...
ventral striatum and would not incur the same motor side effects (extrapyramidalsymptoms) as drugs that act on dorsal striatum dopamine receptors. Cariprazine...
with metoclopramide, particularly extrapyramidalsymptoms. Cuena Boy R, Maciá Martínez MA (March 1998). "[Extrapyramidal toxicity caused by metoclopramide...
"Thorazine shuffle" – a shuffling gait due to sedation) Somnolence Extrapyramidalsymptoms Weight gain Orthostatic hypotension Dry mouth Constipation ECG...
can result from taking these medications include hypotension, extrapyramidalsymptoms, tardive dyskinesia, obesity, and increase in weight. Psychopharmacological...
conditions including allergic symptoms and itchiness, the common cold, insomnia, motion sickness, and extrapyramidalsymptoms. Diphenhydramine also has local...
may worsen the extrapyramidalsymptoms of Parkinson's disease. Domperidone can be used to relieve nausea and gastrointestinal symptoms in Parkinson's...
mediate against potentially distressing movement disorders such as extrapyramidalsymptoms and akathisia associated with dopamine antagonism. In fact, clozapine...
associated with a slight increase in side effects, specifically extrapyramidalsymptoms, if the person near the end of their life has delirium that is...
treatment emergent catalepsy: implications for the treatment of extrapyramidalsymptoms". Schizophr Bull. 33 (6): 1291–1297. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm087...
pathway, D2 receptor antagonism results in extrapyramidalsymptoms. If this antagonism occurs long enough, symptoms of EPS may become permanent, even if antipsychotic...
Patients with procyclidine addiction or craving may simulate signs of extrapyramidalsymptoms to receive procyclidine. The diagnosis of oculogyric crisis is...
Ondansetron was well tolerated and none of the patients experienced extrapyramidalsymptoms. Headache is the most common adverse effect. A review of use for...
hyperthermia). The presence of signs and symptoms related to hyperthermia syndromes, such as extrapyramidalsymptoms characteristic of neuroleptic malignant...
lithium. Symptoms may include a tremor, increased reflexes, trouble walking, kidney problems, and an altered level of consciousness. Some symptoms may last...
Dizziness (including vertigo and motion sickness-related symptoms) Extrapyramidalsymptoms, a potential side-effect of antipsychotic medications Gastrointestinal...
and confusion. While onset of symptoms is often within minutes to hours, some symptoms can take weeks to appear. Symptoms can last for days to weeks. Organophosphate...
of dopamine with levodopa has been shown to initially improve extrapyramidalsymptoms, but the response to treatment goes down after 2 or 3 years, with...
from typical antipsychotics in that they are less likely to cause extrapyramidalsymptoms (EPS), which include unsteady Parkinson's disease-type movements...
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