Active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of the cell
For the meaning of "exocytosis" in dermatopathology, see exocytosis (dermatopathology).
Exocytosis of neurotransmitters into a synapse from neuron A to neuron B.
Mitochondrion
Synaptic vesicle with neurotransmitters
Autoreceptor
Synapse with neurotransmitter released (serotonin)
Postsynaptic receptors activated by neurotransmitter (induction of a postsynaptic potential)
Calcium channel
Exocytosis of a vesicle
Recaptured neurotransmitter
Exocytosis (/ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs/[1][2]) is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell (exo- + cytosis). As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport material. Exocytosis and its counterpart, endocytosis, are used by all cells because most chemical substances important to them are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic portion of the cell membrane by passive means. Exocytosis is the process by which a large amount of molecules are released; thus it is a form of bulk transport. Exocytosis occurs via secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structure at the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.
In exocytosis, membrane-bound secretory vesicles are carried to the cell membrane, where they dock and fuse at porosomes and their contents (i.e., water-soluble molecules) are secreted into the extracellular environment. This secretion is possible because the vesicle transiently fuses with the plasma membrane. In the context of neurotransmission, neurotransmitters are typically released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis; however, neurotransmitters can also be released via reverse transport through membrane transport proteins.
Exocytosis is also a mechanism by which cells are able to insert membrane proteins (such as ion channels and cell surface receptors), lipids, and other components into the cell membrane. Vesicles containing these membrane components fully fuse with and become part of the outer cell membrane.
^"Exocytosis". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-03-22.
cytosis). As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport material. Exocytosis and its counterpart, endocytosis, are used...
For fertilization to happen between a sperm and egg cell, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg cell to fertilize...
glutamatergic exocytosis. Conversely, underexpression of SNAP-25 allows for an increase in VGCC current density and increase in exocytosis. Further investigation...
There are three main types of cytosis: endocytosis (into the cell), exocytosis (out of the cell), and transcytosis (through the cell, in and out). The...
terminals are specialized to release neurotransmitters very rapidly by exocytosis. Neurotransmitter molecules are packaged into synaptic vesicles that cluster...
that come from nuclear or endosomal membranes can leave the cell via exocytosis, in which the host cell is not destroyed. Viral progeny are synthesized...
cell. As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport material. Exocytosis and its counterpart, endocytosis, the process...
deplete its plasma membrane within a short time. Exocytosis in prokaryotes: Membrane vesicular exocytosis, popularly known as membrane vesicle trafficking...
to form a vesicle. Some cell products can leave in a vesicle through exocytosis. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope...
its contents to the surrounding medium. This is the process of exocytosis. Exocytosis occurs in various cells to remove undigested residues of substances...
release rate is high and exocytosis is high, the synaptic ribbons are long. When neurotransmitter release rate is low and exocytosis is low, the synaptic...
to promote the sperm's acrosomal exocytosis, a process homologous to that of the oocyte's cortical granule exocytosis. Similar to Protein Kinase C, calmodulin...
secretion (which destroys a cell) but more damaging than merocrine secretion (exocytosis). Apocrine secretion Apocrine gland Histology of apocrine cells, H&E stain...
classified as merocrine if the secretions of that cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and then...
functions in a late stage of the intracellular membrane fusion process of exocytosis. Dissociation of this protein from syntaxin determines the kinetics of...
Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIMS3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117016 – Ensembl...
neurotransmitters at synapses, the mode of exocytosis is modulated by calcium to attain optimal conditions for coupled exocytosis and endocytosis according to synaptic...
are a family of membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins participating in exocytosis. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE domain...
Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein. It is one of the main types of protein phosphorylation...
particles. Exocytosis involves the removal of substances through the fusion of the outer cell membrane and a vesicle membrane. An example of exocytosis would...
conditions of productive cough for its mucolytic action. Ambroxol triggers the exocytosis of lysosomes via neutralization of lysosomal pH and calcium release from...
apparatus. These cargo proteins are modified and destined for secretion via exocytosis or for use in the cell. In this respect, the Golgi can be thought of as...
holocrine. Merocrine – the cells of the gland excrete their substances by exocytosis into a duct; for example, pancreatic acinar cells, eccrine sweat glands[dubious...
been shown to be involved in trafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, endocytosis and also calcium ion channel formation. Annexins have also...
vacuoles perform mostly subordinate roles, assisting in larger processes of exocytosis and endocytosis. Animal vacuoles are smaller than their plant counterparts...
as β2, regulates insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β cells by directly inducing the expression of genes involved in exocytosis. It is localized in the cytosol...
Exocrine secretion view talk edit Merocrine or eccrine – by exocytosis Apocrine – by membrane budding (loss of cytoplasm) Holocrine – by membrane rupture...
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