Cellular molecule transport mechanism against the concentration gradient
This article is about transport in cellular biology. For human systems, see active mobility.
In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient. This process is in contrast to passive transport, which allows molecules or ions to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without energy.
Active transport is essential for various physiological processes, such as nutrient uptake, hormone secretion, and nerve impulse transmission. For example, the sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining a concentration gradient essential for cellular function. Active transport is highly selective and regulated, with different transporters specific to different molecules or ions. Dysregulation of active transport can lead to various disorders, including cystic fibrosis, caused by a malfunctioning chloride channel, and diabetes, resulting from defects in glucose transport into cells.
gradient. Activetransport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement. There are two types of activetransport: primary activetransport that uses...
transport involves the transportation of solutes by a cell through a cell. Transcellular transport can occur in three different ways activetransport...
across cell membranes. Instead of using cellular energy, like activetransport, passive transport relies on the second law of thermodynamics to drive the movement...
facilitated diffusion, activetransport, osmosis, or reverse diffusion. The two main types of proteins involved in such transport are broadly categorized...
negative ΔG is coupled to the transport process then the global ΔG will be modified. This situation is common in activetransport and is described thus: Δ...
Active mobility, soft mobility, active travel, activetransport or active transportation is the transport of people or goods, through non-motorized means...
population-level physical activity, including whole-of-school programmes, activetransport, active urban design, healthcare, public education and mass media, sport...
Exocytosis (/ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a form of activetransport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins)...
they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion (i.e., passive transport) or activetransport. These...
as facilitated transport or passive-mediated transport) is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to activetransport) of molecules or...
pinocytosis (cell drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It is a form of activetransport. The term was proposed by De Duve in 1963. Phagocytosis was discovered...
width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the activetransport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH...
plants. In fungi, the process is most often facilitated through the activetransport of such materials through endocytosis within the internal mycelium...
The Minister for Public and ActiveTransport is a minister within the Executive Council of Victoria. Carr, Adam. "Victorian Ministries - Kennett". Psephos:...
monomers are then absorbed into the mycelium by facilitated diffusion and activetransport. Mycelia are vital in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for their...
Is Active Directory Replication Topology?". Microsoft Corporation. 28 March 2003. SMTP can be used to transport nondomain replication [...] "Active Directory...
reabsorbed in the proximal tubule through activetransport, solvent drag, and paracellular electrodiffusion. Activetransport is mainly through the sodium/hydrogen...
while activetransport and public transport should be used more. The Department for Transport responded that they will spend 2 billion pounds on active transport...
between the incoming and outgoing fluid running in a circuit, and with activetransport pumps on the outgoing fluid's tubes, the system is called a countercurrent...
passage of molecules controlled by facilitated diffusion, passive transport or activetransport regulated by proteins embedded in the membrane. A phospholipid...
secreted by activetransport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+ ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H+ against...
without the input of cellular energy, or by activetransport, requiring the cell to expend energy in transporting it. The membrane also maintains the cell...
directly and indirectly, constitute activetransport of matter due to an applied electric current. The transport is measured in units of chemical flux...
media. Efflux systems function via an energy-dependent mechanism (activetransport) to pump out unwanted toxic substances through specific efflux pumps...
to do so. Ion pumps are integral membrane proteins that carry out activetransport, i.e., use cellular energy (ATP) to "pump" the ions against their concentration...
emissions by Turkey. The World Health Organization has called for more activetransport such as cycling. The TCDD – Türkiye Devlet Demir Yolları (Turkish State...
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