Neuroendocrine cells found in adrenal medulla in mammals
Medullary chromaffin cell
Adrenal gland. (Medulla labeled at bottom right.)
Details
Location
Medulla adrenal gland
Identifiers
Latin
endocrinocytus medullaris
MeSH
D019439
TH
H3.08.02.6.00015
FMA
69263
Anatomical terms of microanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
Chromaffin cells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals. These cells serve a variety of functions such as serving as a response to stress, monitoring carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the body, maintenance of respiration and the regulation of blood pressure.[1] They are in close proximity to pre-synaptic sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system, with which they communicate, and structurally they are similar to post-synaptic sympathetic neurons. In order to activate chromaffin cells, the splanchnic nerve of the sympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine, which then binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the adrenal medulla. This causes the release of catecholamines. The chromaffin cells release catecholamines: ~80% of adrenaline (epinephrine) and ~20% of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) into systemic circulation for systemic effects on multiple organs (similarly to secretory neurones of the hypothalamus), and can also send paracrine signals. Hence they are called neuroendocrine cells.
^Schober, Andreas; Parlato, Rosanna; Huber, Katrin; Kinscherf, Ralf; Hartleben, Björn; Huber, Tobias B; Schütz, Günther; Unsicker, Klaus (2013). "Cell Loss and Autophagy in the Extra-Adrenal Chromaffin Organ of Zuckerkandl are Regulated by Glucocorticoid Signalling". Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 25 (1): 34–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02367.x. ISSN 0953-8194. PMC 3564403. PMID 23078542.
Chromaffincells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals...
Chromaffin may refer to: Chromaffincells, neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal medulla. Chromophil cells, hormone producing cells showing chromaffin granules...
of each adrenal gland, and is surrounded by the adrenal cortex. The chromaffincells of the medulla are the body's main source of the catecholamines, such...
cells, both being enteroendocrine cells, are also considered neuroendocrine cells due to their structural and functional similarity to chromaffin cells...
to adrenomedullary chromaffincells secreting serotonin. Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell secreting histamine...
Enterochromaffin (EC) cells (also known as Kulchitsky cells) are a type of enteroendocrine cell, and neuroendocrine cell. They reside alongside the epithelium...
the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffincells, also known as pheochromocytes. When a tumor composed of the same cells as a pheochromocytoma develops...
cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of chromaffincells that secrete catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine...
similar to chromaffincells. PC12 cell line use has given much information to the function of proteins underlying vesicle fusion. This cell line has been...
fiber electrode in the neostriatum of rats. Further work was done in chromaffincells to investigate catecholamine release from large dense core vesicles...
Follicular cells are flat epithelial cells that originate from surface epithelium covering the ovary. They are surrounded by granulosa cells that have...
chromaffincells in the adrenal medulla, which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream. Some[who?] believe that chromaffincells are...
using DIC, chromaffincells appear as round cells with small protrusions. When the same cell is imaged using IRM, the footprint of the cell on the glass...
types: (1) chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffincells and (2) nonchromaffin or parasympathetic paraganglia made of glomus cells. They are...
sudomotor function which is assessed by electrochemical skin conductance. Chromaffincells of the adrenal medulla are analogous to post-ganglionic neurons; the...
"Basal steroidogenic activity of adrenocortical cells is increased 10-fold by coculture with chromaffincells". Endocrinology. 139 (2): 772–80. doi:10.1210/endo...
of calvaria, ventral neck and face Endocrine cells: chromaffincells of the adrenal medulla, glomus cells type I/II. Peripheral nervous system: Sensory...
Little adrenaline is found in other tissues, mostly in scattered chromaffincells and in a small number of neurons that use adrenaline as a neurotransmitter...
chain.[citation needed] Catecholamines are produced mainly by the chromaffincells of the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic...
adult human body is estimated to contain about 30 trillion (3×1013) human cells, with the number varying between 20 to 40 trillion depending on factors...
A zellballen is a small nest of chromaffincells or chief cells with pale eosinophilic staining. Zellballen are separated into groups by segmenting bands...
propofol on inhibitory amino acid receptors of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffincells and rodent central neurones". British Journal of Pharmacology. 104...
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