Part of the autonomic nervous system which stimulates fight-or-flight responses
Sympathetic nervous system
Schematic illustration showing the sympathetic nervous system with sympathetic cord and target organs.
Details
Identifiers
Latin
pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi
Acronym(s)
SNS
MeSH
D013564
TA98
A14.3.01.001
TA2
6601
FMA
9906
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.[1][2] The enteric nervous system is sometimes considered part of the autonomic nervous system, and sometimes considered an independent system.[3]
The autonomic nervous system functions to regulate the body's unconscious actions. The sympathetic nervous system's primary process is to stimulate the body's fight or flight response. It is, however, constantly active at a basic level to maintain homeostasis.[4] The sympathetic nervous system is described as being antagonistic to the parasympathetic nervous system. The latter stimulates the body to "feed and breed" and to (then) "rest-and-digest".
The SNS has a major role in various physiological processes such as blood glucose levels, body temperature, cardiac output, and immune system function. The formation of sympathetic neurons being observed at embryonic stage of life and its development during aging shows its significance in health; its dysfunction has shown to be linked to various health disorders.[5]
^Dorland's (2012). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders. p. 1862. ISBN 978-1-4160-6257-8.
^Pocock G, Richards C (2006). Human Physiology The Basis of Medicine (Third ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-19-856878-0.
^"14.1B: Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System". Medicine LibreTexts. 2018-07-21. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
^Brodal P (2004). The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function (3 ed.). Oxford University Press US. pp. 369–396. ISBN 0-19-516560-8.
^Scott-Solomon, Emily; Boehm, Erica; Kuruvilla, Rejji (November 2021). "The sympathetic nervous system in development and disease". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 22 (11): 685–702. doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00523-y. PMC 8530968. PMID 34599308.
and 28 Related for: Sympathetic nervous system information
parasympathetic nervoussystem (PSNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervoussystem, the others being the sympatheticnervoussystem and the enteric...
peripheral nervoussystem (PNS) is one of two components that make up the nervoussystem of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system...
The sympathetic ganglia, or paravertebral ganglia, are autonomic ganglia of the sympatheticnervoussystem. Ganglia are 20,000 to 30,000 afferent and efferent...
autonomic, nervoussystems. The autonomic nervoussystem is further subdivided into the sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervoussystems. The sympathetic...
skull to the coccyx. They are a major component of the sympatheticnervoussystem. The sympathetic trunk lies just lateral to the vertebral bodies for the...
voluntary movement; the autonomic nervoussystem, comprising the sympatheticnervoussystem and the parasympathetic nervoussystem and regulating involuntary...
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a syndrome that causes episodes of increased activity of the sympatheticnervoussystem. Hyperactivity of...
steps in the adrenal medulla and postganglionic neurons of the sympatheticnervoussystem. While the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine occurs predominantly...
(ANS), the other being the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervoussystem (PSNS), and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the...
worked with producer Mike Crossey (who produced her third album, SympatheticNervousSystem), and artists such as Steven Wilson, Gary Lucas, Cyndi Lauper...
The sympathoadrenal system is a physiological connection between the sympatheticnervoussystem and the adrenal medulla and is crucial in an organism's...
autonomic nervoussystem is divided primarily into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervoussystems with a third system, the enteric nervoussystem, receiving...
plays a role in nicotine addiction. Nicotine also activates the sympatheticnervoussystem, acting via splanchnic nerves to the adrenal medulla, stimulating...
parasympathetic nervoussystem. The traditional view of the autonomic nervoussystem presents a two-part system: the sympatheticnervoussystem, which is more...
somatic nervoussystem. The autonomic nervoussystem can be divided into the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and enteric nervoussystem. The sympathetic nervous...
modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons. They are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervoussystem that have lost their axons...
cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervoussystem, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervoussystems. A distinct balance...
vessel to dilate, as it is held in a semi-constricted state by sympatheticnervoussystem activity. Vasodilation is the opposite of vasoconstriction, which...
nervoussystem, both as an internal transmitter for the sympatheticnervoussystem and as the final product released by the parasympathetic nervous system...
stress response. Sympathetic acute stress disorder is caused by the release of excessive adrenaline and norepinephrine into the nervoussystem. These hormones...
doses in order to prevent the occurrence of withdrawal, pain, and sympatheticnervoussystem activation. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and blocks...
ETS involves dissection of the main sympathetic trunk in the upper thoracic region of the sympatheticnervoussystem, irreparably disrupting neural messages...
inhibit or enhance the functions of the parasympathetic and sympatheticnervoussystems. This type of drug can be used to treat a wide range of diseases...
thoughts reflected in the name RSD, it appears that there is reduced sympatheticnervoussystem outflow, at least in the affected region (although there may be...
Global Information