Chloride peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.10) is a family of enzymes that catalyzes the chlorination of organic compounds. This enzyme combines the inorganic substrates chloride and hydrogen peroxide to produce the equivalent of Cl+, which replaces a proton in hydrocarbon substrate:
R-H + Cl− + H2O2 + H+ → R-Cl + 2 H2O
In fact the source of "Cl+" is hypochlorous acid (HOCl).[1] Many organochlorine compounds are biosynthesized in this way.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on a peroxide as acceptors (peroxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is chloride:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called chloroperoxidase. It employs one cofactor which may be either heme or vanadium.[2]
The heme-containing chloroperoxidase (CPO) exhibits peroxidase, catalase and cytochrome P450-like activities in addition to catalyzing halogenation reactions.[3] Despite functional similarities with other heme enzymes, the structure of CPO is unique, which folds into a tertiary structure dominated by eight helical segments. The catalytic acid base, required to cleave the peroxide O-O bond, is glutamic acid rather than histidine as in horseradish peroxidase.
^Hofrichter, M.; Ullrich, R.; Pecyna, Marek J.; Liers, Christiane; Lundell, Taina (2010). "New and classic families of secreted fungal heme peroxidases". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 87 (3): 871–897. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2633-0. PMID 20495915. S2CID 24417282.
^Butler, Alison; Carter-Franklin, Jayme N. (2004). "The role of vanadium bromoperoxidase in the biosynthesis of halogenated marine natural products". Natural Product Reports. 21 (1): 180–8. doi:10.1039/b302337k. PMID 15039842. (this paper also discussed chloroperoxidases.
^Poulos TL, Sundaramoorthy M, Terner J (1995). "The crystal structure of chloroperoxidase: a heme peroxidase--cytochrome P450 functional hybrid". Structure. 3 (12): 1367–1377. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00274-X. PMID 8747463.
and 26 Related for: Chloride peroxidase information
Chlorideperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.10) is a family of enzymes that catalyzes the chlorination of organic compounds. This enzyme combines the inorganic substrates...
Cytochrome c peroxidase is used as a soluble, easily purified model for cytochrome c oxidase. Biology portal Ascorbate peroxidaseChlorideperoxidase Cytochrome...
Chile Charge Point Operator installs and maintains charge stations Chlorideperoxidase, an enzyme Classic Produktion Osnabrück, a German classical music...
the role of eosinophilic peroxidase seems to be to generate hyphalous acids largely from bromide and iodide rather than chloride, since the former are favored...
classically are unable to oxidize chloride at all. For example, eosinophil peroxidase appears to prefer bromide over chloride, yet is not considered a bromoperoxidase...
produced by marine organisms. The chloride and bromide in ocean waters are the source of the halogens. Various peroxidase enzymes (e.g., bromoperoxidase)...
member of the XPO subfamily of peroxidases and produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride anion (Cl−) (or hypobromous acid...
substrate preference. For example, although eosinophil peroxidase is able to oxidize chloride, it preferentially oxidizes bromide. The mammalian haloperoxidases...
form in eosinophil and thyroid peroxidases. Heme l is one important characteristic of animal peroxidases; plant peroxidases incorporate heme B. Lactoperoxidase...
infant formula, and is a component of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase (which indirectly reduce certain oxidized molecules...
H2O2, formed by the eosinophil, and either chloride, iodide, thiocyanate, or bromide ions, eosinophil peroxidase provides a potent mechanism by which eosinophils...
multicellular parasites. Hypobromite is produced via eosinophil peroxidase, an enzyme that can use chloride but preferentially uses bromide. The average concentration...
tb02190.x. PMID 379049. Hoogedoorn H (1985). "Activation of the salivary peroxidase system: clinical studies". In Tenovuo JO, Pruitt KM (eds.). The Lactoperoxidase...
body. Enzymes that use or decompose hydrogen peroxide are classified as peroxidases. The boiling point of H2O2 has been extrapolated as being 150.2 °C (302...
hypobromite by the action of eosinophil peroxidase, a haloperoxidase enzyme which preferentially uses bromide over chloride for this purpose. Simple bromide...
oxidation of selenols. They occur in some selenoenzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase. Seleninic acids (R−Se(=O)−OH) are analogues of sulfinic acids. Selenonic...
and chloride, Cl−. Chlorite dismutase is a heme-containing protein, but it bears no structural or sequence relationships with known peroxidases or other...
antibacterial agents as secretory mucin, IgA, lactoferrin, lysozyme and peroxidase. It has not been shown that human licking of wounds disinfects them, but...
enzymes (Taq polymerase, dUTPase, MutT), liver arginase and horseradish peroxidase independently of metal ion chelation. These findings urge the rethinking...
S-transferase activity. PPA also causes a decrease in glutathione and Glutathione peroxidase activity. The epoxide of allylcatechol may also be generated from the...
immunoassays conjugated to some reporter molecule, such as horseradish peroxidase. Streptavidin has also been used in the developing field of Nanobiotechnology...
anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity. It acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase and can also react with peroxynitrite. It is being investigated as a possible...
in the specimen container. Vegetable peroxidase and bacterial enzymes, including an Escherichia coli peroxidase, may also cause false-positive reactions...
26, member 4). Pendrin was initially identified as a sodium-independent chloride-iodide exchanger with subsequent studies showing that it also accepts formate...
Global Information