For the neutral chemical compound, see chlorine monoxide.
Hypochlorite
Names
IUPAC name
Hypochlorite
Systematic IUPAC name
Chlorate(I)
Other names
Chloroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number
14380-61-1Y
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:29222Y
ChemSpider
55632Y
ECHA InfoCard
100.235.795
Gmelin Reference
682
PubChem CID
61739
UNII
T5UM7HB19NY
UN number
3212
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID8073136
InChI
InChI=1S/ClO/c1-2/q-1Y
Key: WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-NY
InChI=1/ClO/c1-2/q-1
Key: WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES
[O-]Cl
Properties
Conjugate acid
Hypochlorous acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound
In chemistry, hypochlorite, or chloroxide is an anion with the chemical formula ClO−. It combines with a number of cations to form hypochlorite salts. Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming pool "chlorine").[1] The Cl-O distance in ClO− is 1.69 Å.[2]
The name can also refer to esters of hypochlorous acid, namely organic compounds with a ClO– group covalently bound to the rest of the molecule. The principal example is tert-butyl hypochlorite, which is a useful chlorinating agent.[3]
Most hypochlorite salts are handled as aqueous solutions. Their primary applications are as bleaching, disinfection, and water treatment agents. They are also used in chemistry for chlorination and oxidation reactions.
^Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^Topić, Filip; Marrett, Joseph M.; Borchers, Tristan H.; Titi, Hatem M.; Barrett, Christopher J.; Friščić, Tomislav (2021). "After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.60 (46): 24400–24405. doi:10.1002/anie.202108843. PMID 34293249. S2CID 236199263.
^Mintz, M. J.; C. Walling (1969). "t-Butyl hypochlorite". Organic Syntheses. 49: 9. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.049.0009.
Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaOCl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous...
chemistry, hypochlorite, or chloroxide is an anion with the chemical formula ClO−. It combines with a number of cations to form hypochlorite salts. Common...
Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with chemical formula Ca(ClO)2, also written as Ca(OCl)2. It is a white solid, although commercial samples...
chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming hypochlorite anion, ClO−. HClO and ClO− are oxidizers, and the primary disinfection...
Potassium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KOCl, also written as KClO. It is the potassium salt of hypochlorous acid. It consists...
cleaning. It often refers specifically to a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite, also called "liquid bleach". Many bleaches have broad-spectrum bactericidal...
Lithium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of LiOCl. It is the lithium salt of hypochlorous acid. It consists of lithium cations...
Silver hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgOCl (also written as AgClO). It is an ionic compound of silver and the polyatomic...
Sodium hypochlorite washes are skin cleansers formulated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and surfactants. These cleansing liquids or gels are lathered...
Barium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(OCl)2 (also written as Ba(ClO)2). It is the barium salt of hypochlorous acid. It...
Acetyl hypochlorite, also known as chlorine acetate, is a chemical compound with the formula CH3COOCl. It is a photosensitive colorless liquid that is...
resulted in the use of chlorides and hypochlorites of lime (calcium hypochlorite) and of sodium (sodium hypochlorite) in the boyauderies. The same chemicals...
chemical household product that consists of a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and other secondary ingredients. It is a chlorine releasing bleaching...
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17. MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophils...
the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes...
Methyl hypochlorite is the simplest of the organic alkyl hypochlorites. It is an unstable compound that can be produced by the reaction of methanol with...
Shock chlorination is performed by mixing a large amount of sodium hypochlorite, which can be in the form of a powder or a liquid such as chlorine bleach...
nitrous oxide: HNO3 + H3NSO3 → H2SO4 + N2O + H2O The reaction of excess hypochlorite ions with sulfamic acid or a sulfamate salt gives rise reversibly to...
Electrochlorination is the process of producing hypochlorite by passing electric current through salt water. This disinfects the water and makes it safe...
"Anolyte" is an oxidizing, acidic hypochlorite solution made by electrolysis of sodium chloride into sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid. Anolyte has...
ones are listed below: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in concentrations ranging between 0.5% and 5.25% 6% sodium hypochlorite with surface modifiers for better...
chlorination, treated with sodium hypochlorite, washed with sodium hydroxide again and given a final treatment with hypochlorite. An example of a modern totally...
and hydroxide −OH, while calcium hypochlorite consists of calcium cations Ca2+ and only one kind of anions, hypochlorite −OCl. Calcium hydroxychloride may...
H2O → NaClO3 + 3 H2 First, chloride is oxidised to form intermediate hypochlorite, ClO−, which undergoes further oxidation to chlorate along two competing...
from the solution as it begins to disproportionate to form chloride and hypochlorite ions at the anode: Cl2 + 2 NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H2O The more opportunity...
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