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Hydrogen peroxide information


Hydrogen peroxide
Structural formula of hydrogen peroxide
Space filling model of the hydrogen peroxide molecule
Space filling model of the hydrogen peroxide molecule
  Oxygen, O
  Hydrogen, H
Names
IUPAC name
Hydrogen peroxide
Systematic IUPAC name
Peroxol
Other names
Dioxidane
Oxidanyl
Perhydroxic acid
0-hydroxyol
Oxygenated water
Peroxaan
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 7722-84-1 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:16240 checkY
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL71595 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 763 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.878 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-765-0
IUPHAR/BPS
  • 2448
KEGG
  • D00008 checkY
PubChem CID
  • 784
RTECS number
  • MX0900000 (>90% soln.)
    MX0887000 (>30% soln.)
UNII
  • BBX060AN9V checkY
UN number 2015 (>60% soln.)
2014 (20–60% soln.)
2984 (8–20% soln.)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID2020715 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H checkY
    Key: MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H
    Key: MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYAL
SMILES
  • OO
Properties
Chemical formula
H2O2
Molar mass 34.014 g·mol−1
Appearance Very light blue liquid
Odor slightly sharp
Density 1.11 g/cm3 (20 °C, 30% (w/w) solution)[1]
1.450 g/cm3 (20 °C, pure)
Melting point −0.43 °C (31.23 °F; 272.72 K)
Boiling point 150.2 °C (302.4 °F; 423.3 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water
Miscible
Solubility soluble in ether, alcohol
insoluble in petroleum ether
log P −0.43[2]
Vapor pressure 5 mmHg (30 °C)[3]
Acidity (pKa) 11.75
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−17.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)
1.4061
Viscosity 1.245 cP (20 °C)
Dipole moment
2.26 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
1.267 J/(g·K) (gas)
2.619 J/(g·K) (liquid)
Std enthalpy of
formation fH298)
−187.80 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code
A01AB02 (WHO) D08AX01 (WHO), D11AX25 (WHO), S02AA06 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
GHS03: OxidizingGHS05: CorrosiveGHS07: Exclamation mark
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
H271, H302, H314, H332, H335, H412
Precautionary statements
P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
3
0
3
OX
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
1518 mg/kg[citation needed]
2000 mg/kg (oral, mouse)[4]
LC50 (median concentration)
1418 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[4]
LCLo (lowest published)
227 ppm (mouse)[4]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3)[3]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3)[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
75 ppm[3]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0164 (>60% soln.)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Water
Ozone
Hydrazine
Hydrogen disulfide
Dioxygen difluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a very pale blue[5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or "high-test peroxide", decomposes explosively when heated and has been used as both a monopropellant and an oxidizer in rocketry.[6]

Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species and the simplest peroxide, a compound having an oxygen–oxygen single bond. It decomposes slowly into water and elemental oxygen when exposed to light, and rapidly in the presence of organic or reactive compounds. It is typically stored with a stabilizer in a weakly acidic solution in an opaque bottle. Hydrogen peroxide is found in biological systems including the human body. Enzymes that use or decompose hydrogen peroxide are classified as peroxidases.

  1. ^ Easton MF, Mitchell AG, Wynne-Jones WF (1952). "The behaviour of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and water. Part 1.—Determination of the densities of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and water". Transactions of the Faraday Society. 48: 796–801. doi:10.1039/TF9524800796. S2CID 96669623.
  2. ^ "Hydrogen peroxide". www.chemsrc.com. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0335". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ a b c "Hydrogen peroxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  5. ^ Housecroft CE, Sharpe AG (2005). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice-Hall. pp. 443–44. ISBN 0130-39913-2.
  6. ^ Hill CN (2001). A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket launch and Space Programme, 1950–1971. Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-86094-268-6. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

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alkaline peroxide to selectively oxidize non-aromatic conjugated groups responsible for absorbing visible light. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed...

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