Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) in mammalian cells.[2] Failure of centrosome regulation can cause mistakes in chromosome segregation and is associated with aneuploidy. A centrosome is composed of two orthogonal cylindrical protein assemblies, called centrioles, which are surrounded by a protein dense amorphous cloud of pericentriolar material (PCM).[3] The PCM is essential for nucleation and organization of microtubules.[3] The centrosome cycle is important to ensure that daughter cells receive a centrosome after cell division. As the cell cycle progresses, the centrosome undergoes a series of morphological and functional changes. Initiation of the centrosome cycle occurs early in the cell cycle in order to have two centrosomes by the time mitosis occurs.
Since the centrosome organizes the microtubules of a cell, it has to do with the formation of the mitotic spindle, polarity and, therefore, cell shape, as well as all other processes having to do with the mitotic spindle.[2] The centriole is the inner core of the centrosome, and its conformation is typically somewhat like that of spokes on a wheel. It has a somewhat different conformation amount different organisms, but its overall structure is similar. Plants, on the other hand, do not typically have centrioles.[4]
The centrosome cycle consists of four phases that are synchronized to the cell cycle. These include: centrosome duplication during the G1 phase and S Phase, centrosome maturation in the G2 phase, centrosome separation in the mitotic phase, and centrosome disorientation in the late mitotic phase—G1 phase.
^"Figure 1". Aurora-A: the maker and breaker of spindle poles. Journal of Cell Science. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
^ abMeraldi P, Nigg EA (June 2002). "The centrosome cycle". FEBS Letters. 521 (1–3): 9–13. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02865-X. PMID 12067716. S2CID 43431231.
^ abLoncarek J, Khodjakov A (February 2009). "Ab ovo or de novo? Mechanisms of centriole duplication". Molecules and Cells. 27 (2): 135–42. doi:10.1007/s10059-009-0017-z. PMC 2691869. PMID 19277494.
^Fu J, Hagan IM, Glover DM (February 2015). "The centrosome and its duplication cycle". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 7 (2): a015800. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a015800. PMC 4315929. PMID 25646378.
The centrosomecycle is important to ensure that daughter cells receive a centrosome after cell division. As the cell cycle progresses, the centrosome undergoes...
cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. The centrosome provides structure for the cell. The centrosome is thought to have evolved only in...
microtubules begin at each centrosome and join at the equator of the dividing cell. They push against one another, causing each centrosome to move further apart...
phase) in the cell cycle, the centrosome starts to duplicate. Just at the beginning of mitosis, both centrioles in each centrosome reach their maximal...
ciliary rootlet, and, together with CEP68 and CEP250, is required for centrosome cohesion. Rootletin is an important protein in the ciliary rootlet, particular...
trigger for G2/M transition. Plk1 supports the functional maturation of the centrosome in late G2/early prophase and establishment of the bipolar spindle. Plk1...
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Genomic stability and DNA repair Endoribonuclease activity Centrosome duplication during cell cycle Regulation of ARF-p53 tumor suppressor pathway RNA helix...
of centrosomecycle regulation of inflammatory response bone development regulation of chromosome condensation protein localization to centrosome neuronal...
have one centrosome for most of their cell cycle, however, right before mitosis, the centrosome duplicates, and the cell contains two centrosomes. Some of...
Morabito J (2004). "TOGp, the human homolog of XMAP215/Dis1, is required for centrosome integrity, spindle pole organization, and bipolar spindle assembly". Mol...
centrosome at cell division, which is duplicated by the cell before a new round of mitosis begins, giving a pair of centrosomes. The two centrosomes polymerize...
This protein localizes to the centrosome and recruits proteins to the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) to ensure proper centrosome and mitotic spindle formation...
cytoplasm. This breakdown then allows the spindle apparatus growing from the centrosome to attach to the kinetochores on the sister chromatids. Stable attachment...
GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress". J. Cell. Physiol. 192 (3): 327–38...
"Phosphorylation of centrin during the cell cycle and its role in centriole separation preceding centrosome duplication". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (23): 20774–80...
lactate, pyruvate, and other monocarboxylates: implications for the Cori cycle". Cell. 76 (5): 865–73. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90361-1. PMID 8124722....
appendages that are associated with the older of the two centrioles after centrosome duplication. This protein plays a central role in organization of the...
in animal cells, centrosomes move far enough apart to be resolved using a light microscope. Microtubule activity in each centrosome is increased due to...
polymerization cell cycle maintenance of protein location in nucleus positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion centrosomecycle Sources:Amigo / QuickGO...
first observation of centrosomes as composed of two orthogonal centrioles in 1883. Theodor Boveri introduced the term "centrosome" in 1888 and the term...
Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. Each checkpoint serves as a potential...
pericentriolar region and is required for microtubule anchoring and cell cycle progression". Nature Genetics. 36 (5): 462–70. doi:10.1038/ng1352. PMID 15107855...
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II signal transduction protein dephosphorylation mitotic cell cyclecentrosomecycle Sources:Amigo / QuickGO...
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