Cell organelle in animal cell helping in cell division
See also: Centrosome cycle and Centriole
Not to be confused with Centisome or Centromere.
Cell biology
centrosome
Components of a typical centrosome:
Centriole
Mother centriole
Daughter centriole
Distal ends
Distal appendages
Subdistal appendages
Proximal ends
Microtubule triplets
Interconnecting fibers
Microtubules
Pericentriolar material
In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') (archaically cytocentre[1]) is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. The centrosome provides structure for the cell. The centrosome is thought to have evolved only in the metazoan lineage of eukaryotic cells.[2] Fungi and plants lack centrosomes and therefore use other structures to organize their microtubules.[3][4] Although the centrosome has a key role in efficient mitosis in animal cells, it is not essential in certain fly and flatworm species.[5][6][7]
Centrosomes are composed of two centrioles arranged at right angles to each other, and surrounded by a dense, highly structured[8] mass of protein termed the pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM contains proteins responsible for microtubule nucleation and anchoring[9] — including γ-tubulin, pericentrin and ninein. In general, each centriole of the centrosome is based on a nine-triplet microtubule assembled in a cartwheel structure, and contains centrin, cenexin and tektin.[10]
In many cell types, the centrosome is replaced by a cilium during cellular differentiation. However, once the cell starts to divide, the cilium is replaced again by the centrosome.[11]
^"Structure of Plants and Fungi|Digitális Tankönyvtár". regi.tankonyvtar.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2021-01-30.
^Bornens, M.; Azimzadeh, J. (2008). "Origin and Evolution of the Centrosome". Eukaryotic Membranes and Cytoskeleton. pp. 119–129. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74021-8_10. ISBN 978-0-387-74020-1. PMID 17977464.
^Schmit (2002). Acentrosomal microtubule nucleation in higher plants. International Review of Cytology. Vol. 220. pp. 257–289. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(02)20008-X. ISBN 9780123646248. PMID 12224551.
^Jaspersen, S. L.; Winey, M. (2004). "THE BUDDING YEAST SPINDLE POLE BODY: Structure, Duplication, and Function". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 20 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.022003.114106. PMID 15473833.
^Mahoney, N. M.; Goshima, G.; Douglass, A. D.; Vale, R. D. (2006). "Making Microtubules and Mitotic Spindles in Cells without Functional Centrosomes". Current Biology. 16 (6): 564–569. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.053. PMID 16546079.
^Cite error: The named reference azimzadehscience2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference stowerspr2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lawo, Steffen; Hasegan, Monica; Gupta, Gagan D.; Pelletier, Laurence (November 2012). "Subdiffraction imaging of centrosomes reveals higher-order organizational features of pericentriolar material". Nature Cell Biology. 14 (11): 1148–1158. doi:10.1038/ncb2591. ISSN 1476-4679. PMID 23086237. S2CID 11286303. Archived from the original on 2021-07-25. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
^Rieder, C. L.; Faruki, S.; Khodjakov, A. (Oct 2001). "The centrosome in vertebrates: more than a microtubule-organizing center". Trends in Cell Biology. 11 (10): 413–419. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(01)02085-2. ISSN 0962-8924. PMID 11567874.
^Avidor-Reiss, T; Gopalakrishnan, J (2013). "Cell Cycle Regulation of the Centrosome and Cilium". Drug Discov Today Dis Mech. 10 (3–4): e119–e124. doi:10.1016/j.ddmec.2013.03.002. PMC 4073209. PMID 24982683.
In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') (archaically cytocentre) is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule...
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) in mammalian cells. Failure of centrosome regulation can cause mistakes in chromosome...
nucleated and organized by microtubule-organizing centres, such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies of cilia...
are 1) the basal bodies associated with cilia and flagella and 2) the centrosome associated with spindle formation. Microtubule-organizing centers function...
kinesin and dynein molecular motors, condensed chromosomes, and any centrosomes or asters that may be present at the spindle poles depending on the cell...
microtubules begin at each centrosome and join at the equator of the dividing cell. They push against one another, causing each centrosome to move further apart...
each other, the single centrosome split into two centrosomes located in the interphase between the pronuclei. Then the centrosome via the astral microtubules...
in animal cells, centrosomes move far enough apart to be resolved using a light microscope. Microtubule activity in each centrosome is increased due to...
first observation of centrosomes as composed of two orthogonal centrioles in 1883. Theodor Boveri introduced the term "centrosome" in 1888 and the term...
centrosome at cell division, which is duplicated by the cell before a new round of mitosis begins, giving a pair of centrosomes. The two centrosomes polymerize...
disappears, and the mitotic spindle begins to assemble from the two centrosomes. Microtubules associated with the alignment and separation of chromosomes...
This protein localizes to the centrosome and recruits proteins to the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) to ensure proper centrosome and mitotic spindle formation...
ciliary rootlet, and, together with CEP68 and CEP250, is required for centrosome cohesion. Rootletin is an important protein in the ciliary rootlet, particular...
010807. PMC 1540183. PMID 11743094. Vorobjev IA, Nadezhdina ES (1987). The centrosome and its role in the organization of microtubules. International Review...
begins to form. Unlike mitotic cells, human and mouse oocytes do not have centrosomes to produce the meiotic spindle. In mice, approximately 80 MicroTubule...
in Heliomorpha and Tetradimorpha, and axopodia generated by a globular centrosome with a distinct granular shell and a microfibrillar core. The centrioles...
control of centrosome duplication" Proc Natl Acad Sci (1999) 96:2817-2822 Wong, C. and Stearns, T. "Centrosome number is controlled by a centrosome-intrinsic...
Golgi apparatus is usually located near the cell nucleus, close to the centrosome. Tubular connections are responsible for linking the stacks together....
paternal genome; (3) the centriole, which is responsible for forming the centrosome and microtubule system. The spermatozoa of animals are produced through...
stable centrosome architecture in conjunction with NEURL4 other ubiquitinated binding partners. Its absence is associated with aberrant centrosome morphology...
Elizabeth Ho By Tom Laventure of the Asian American Press - 07 August 2010 "Centrosome: Definition & Function" Study.com "What are Harmonics? - Definition &...
organelle formed by phagocytosis of material. It then moves toward the centrosome of the phagocyte and is fused with lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome...
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