Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.
Carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways.[1] Plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis, allowing them to store energy absorbed from sunlight internally.[2] When animals and fungi consume plants, they use cellular respiration to break down these stored carbohydrates to make energy available to cells.[2] Both animals and plants temporarily store the released energy in the form of high-energy molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), for use in various cellular processes.[3]
Humans can consume a variety of carbohydrates, digestion breaks down complex carbohydrates into simple monomers (monosaccharides): glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose. After resorption in the gut, the monosaccharides are transported, through the portal vein, to the liver, where all non-glucose monosacharids (fructose, galactose) are transformed into glucose as well.[4] Glucose (blood sugar) is distributed to cells in the tissues, where it is broken down via cellular respiration, or stored as glycogen.[3][4] In cellular (aerobic) respiration, glucose and oxygen are metabolized to release energy, with carbon dioxide and water as endproducts.[2][4]
^Maughan, Ron (2009). "Carbohydrate metabolism". Surgery (Oxford). 27 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2008.12.002.
^ abcNelson, David Lee (2013). Lehninger principles of biochemistry. Cox, Michael M., Lehninger, Albert L. (6th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-1429234146. OCLC 824794893.
^ abSanders, L. M. (2016). "Carbohydrate: Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism". Encyclopedia of Food and Health. pp. 643–650. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384947-2.00114-8. ISBN 9780123849533.
^ abcHall, John E. (2015). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book (13 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0323389303.
and 29 Related for: Carbohydrate metabolism information
Carbohydratemetabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates...
Inborn errors of carbohydratemetabolism are inborn error of metabolism that affect the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates. An example is lactose...
A carbohydrate (/ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/) is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom...
by the lower right rib cage. Its other metabolic roles include carbohydratemetabolism, the production of hormones, conversion and storage of nutrients...
are involved in: Protein synthesis Protein storage Transformation of carbohydrates Synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids Detoxification...
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). Usually, catabolism releases energy, and anabolism consumes energy. The chemical reactions of metabolism are...
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O2) in order to create ATP. Although carbohydrates, fats and proteins are consumed as reactants, aerobic respiration is...
Valerie (2014-01-01), Makowski, Gregory S. (ed.), "Chapter Three - Ammonia Metabolism and Hyperammonemic Disorders", Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 67, Elsevier:...
hyperuricemia. In muscle glycogenoses (muscle GSDs), an inborn error of carbohydratemetabolism impairs either the formation or utilization of muscle glycogen...
(November 2020). "Effect of fructose and its epimers on postprandial carbohydratemetabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Nutrition. 39...
Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural...
important role in the regulation of carbohydratemetabolism by acting as a glucose sensor, triggering shifts in metabolism or cell function in response to...
Errors of Metabolism, was published in 1923. Traditionally the inherited metabolic diseases were classified as disorders of carbohydratemetabolism, amino...
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an inborn error of fructose metabolism caused by a deficiency of the enzyme aldolase B. Individuals affected with...
pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. It is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals...
treatment for this type of hypoglycemia. Various inborn errors of carbohydratemetabolism are caused by deficiencies of enzymes or transport proteins necessary...
hydrogen atom. 'Deoxy' is extensively used as a subtractive prefix in carbohydrate nomenclature (see P‐102.5.3). "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical...
sometimes reactive hypoglycemia and acromegaly, or rarer disorders of carbohydratemetabolism. In the most commonly performed version of the test, an oral glucose...
Historic Chemical Landmark in recognition of their work in clarifying carbohydratemetabolism. In 1957, Gerty Cori died after a ten-year struggle with myelosclerosis...
two important enzymes in fructose metabolism results in the development of two inborn errors in carbohydratemetabolism – essential fructosuria and hereditary...
pentasaccharide repeat unit. This links the synthesis of xanthan to carbohydratemetabolism. The repeat units are built up at undecaprenylphosphate lipid carriers...
derived after the discovery of their involvement in regulating carbohydratemetabolism. The cellular functions of glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone...
sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism PRKAB1 NM_006253 Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase...
stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydratemetabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. Some...
Actinomycetota) also produce lactic acid as the major product of carbohydratemetabolism. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are either rod-shaped (bacilli)...
Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of...
Global Information