Glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver and pancreas of humans and most other vertebrates. In each of these organs it plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by acting as a glucose sensor, triggering shifts in metabolism or cell function in response to rising or falling levels of glucose, such as occur after a meal or when fasting. Mutations of the gene for this enzyme can cause unusual forms of diabetes or hypoglycemia.
Glucokinase (GK) is a hexokinase isozyme, related homologously to at least three other hexokinases.[4] All of the hexokinases can mediate phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is the first step of both glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. However, glucokinase is coded by a separate gene and its distinctive kinetic properties allow it to serve a different set of functions. Glucokinase has a lower affinity for glucose than the other hexokinases do, and its activity is localized to a few cell types, leaving the other three hexokinases as more important preparers of glucose for glycolysis and glycogen synthesis for most tissues and organs. Because of this reduced affinity, the activity of glucokinase, under usual physiological conditions, varies substantially according to the concentration of glucose.[5]
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000041798 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Kawai S, Mukai T, Mori S, Mikami B, Murata K (April 2005). "Hypothesis: structures, evolution, and ancestor of glucose kinases in the hexokinase family". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 99 (4): 320–30. doi:10.1263/jbb.99.320. PMID 16233797.
^Iynedjian PB (January 2009). "Molecular physiology of mammalian glucokinase". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 66 (1): 27–42. doi:10.1007/s00018-008-8322-9. PMC 2780631. PMID 18726182.
Glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver and...
group from ATP to a substrate. Hexokinases should not be confused with glucokinase, which is a specific hexokinase found in the liver. All hexokinases are...
The glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) also known as glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator (GCKR) is a protein produced in hepatocytes (liver cells)...
intracellular starch or glycogen. In animals, an isozyme of hexokinase called glucokinase is also used in the liver, which has a much lower affinity for glucose...
cells. Due to this, Glucokinase and glucokinase activators are the focus of treatment for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucokinase have a single allosteric...
is converted to F1P in the liver. This negates the action of F6P on glucokinase, which ultimately favors the forward reaction. The capacity of liver...
Glucokinase regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCKR gene. This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GCKR subfamily of the SIS...
first enzyme in the glycolysis pathway, has a specialized form called glucokinase expressed in the liver and pancreas that has a lower affinity for glucose...
human chromosome 7 for glucokinase. Glucokinase serves as the glucose sensor for the pancreatic beta cell. Normal glucokinase triggers insulin secretion...
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Cadisegliatin (TTP399) is a liver-selective glucokinase activator. It is being developed by VTV Therapeutics for treatment of type 2 diabetes or type...
levels. Glucose is converted into glucose 6-phosphate by the action of glucokinase or hexokinase with conversion of ATP to ADP. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted...
the association of insulin and SREBP-1 lead to the gene expression of glucokinase. The interaction of glucose and lipogenic gene expression is assumed...
Catholic novelist and author GK Barry, English influencer and presenter Glucokinase, an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate...
there as a cellular glycogen. In the liver cell, it is phosphorylated by glucokinase at position 6 to form glucose 6-phosphate, which cannot leave the cell...
fitness, and be favoured by natural selection. An example of an isozyme is glucokinase, a variant of hexokinase which is not inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate...
obesity and type 2 diabetes. This includes research identifying the genes glucokinase and HNF1 risk factors for type 2 diabetes. In 2007, he was elected to...
conventional glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, two novel sugar kinase have been discovered. These enzymes are ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADP-GK) and...
Globalagliatin (SY-004) is a glucokinase activator developed by Yabao Pharmaceutical Group for type 2 diabetes. Zhao, Yuqing; Xie, Lijun; Zhang, Hongwen;...
concentration gradient through the GLUT2 transporter. Since beta cells use glucokinase to catalyze the first step of glycolysis, metabolism only occurs around...
reactions are replaced with more kinetically favorable reactions. Hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase enzymes of glycolysis are replaced...
and fat cells. Once within cells, glucose is rapidly phosphorylated by glucokinase in the liver and hexokinase in other tissues to form glucose-6-phosphate...
enters the β-cell is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) by glucokinase (hexokinase IV) which is not inhibited by G-6-P in the way that the hexokinases...
By contrast, glucose tends to pass through the liver (Km of hepatic glucokinase = 10 mM) and can be metabolised anywhere in the body. Uptake of fructose...
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