Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates to yield an energy-rich compound called ATP. The production of ATP is achieved through the oxidation of glucose molecules. In oxidation, the electrons are stripped from a glucose molecule to reduce NAD+ and FAD. NAD+ and FAD possess a high energy potential to drive the production of ATP in the electron transport chain. ATP production occurs in the mitochondria of the cell. There are two methods of producing ATP: aerobic and anaerobic.
In aerobic respiration, oxygen is required. Using oxygen increases ATP production from 4 ATP molecules to about 30 ATP molecules.
In anaerobic respiration, oxygen is not required. When oxygen is absent, the generation of ATP continues through fermentation. There are two types of fermentation: alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
There are several different types of carbohydrates: polysaccharides (e.g., starch, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose), monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose) and the disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltose, lactose).
Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars, are the most basic, fundamental unit of a carbohydrate. These are simple sugars with the general chemical structure of C6H12O6.
Disaccharides are a type of carbohydrate. Disaccharides consist of compound sugars containing two monosaccharides with the elimination of a water molecule with the general chemical structure C12H22O11.
Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that consist of a polymer that contains three to ten monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds.
Glucose reacts with oxygen in the following reaction, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products, and the overall reaction is exothermic.
The reaction of glucose with oxygen releasing energy in the form of molecules of ATP is therefore one of the most important biochemical pathways found in living organisms.
and 29 Related for: Carbohydrate catabolism information
Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates to yield an energy-rich compound called ATP. The production of ATP is achieved through the oxidation of glucose...
to transfer the energy released by catabolism to the energy-requiring reactions that make up anabolism. Catabolism is a destructive metabolism and anabolism...
A carbohydrate (/ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/) is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom...
(synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). Usually, catabolism releases energy, and anabolism consumes energy...
Biology portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glycolysis. Carbohydratecatabolism Citric acid cycle Cori cycle Fermentation (biochemistry) Gluconeogenesis...
interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms. Carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways. Plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon...
Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism are inborn error of metabolism that affect the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates. An example is lactose...
Protein metabolism Protein synthesis Catabolism (protein→peptide→amino acid) Carbohydrate metabolism (carbohydratecatabolism and anabolism) Lipid metabolism...
processes where they serve as building blocks for other compounds. In catabolism, fatty acids are metabolized to produce energy, mainly in the form of...
causing it to sink. The daily cycle of carbohydrate build-up from photosynthesis and carbohydratecatabolism during dark hours is enough to fine-tune...
doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80344-4. Gottlieb, D. (1 January 1963). "Carbohydratecatabolism by fungi". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 7 (4): 603–610. doi:10...
regulated by acetyl-CoA, Mg-ATP, and pyruvate. As a crossroad between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, pyruvate carboxylase expression in gluconeogenic...
amino acid catabolism, which are essential processes for the transport of oligopeptides and free amino acids into cells. Pyruvate catabolism is also assumed...
Pitt, J.I. & Tran-Dinh, N. (2016). Genomic insights into the carbohydratecatabolism of Cairneyella variabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., the first reports...
also known as a futile cycle, from forming with catabolism. The balance between anabolism and catabolism is sensitive to ADP and ATP, otherwise known as...
response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. Some common...
pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. It is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals...
used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is a degradative phase of metabolism in which large molecules...
causing it to sink. The daily cycle of carbohydrate build-up from photosynthesis and carbohydratecatabolism during dark hours is enough to fine-tune...
macronutrients, mainly carbohydrates. When glycogen is nearly depleted, the body begins lipolysis, the mobilization and catabolism of fat stores for energy...
interactions of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. They provide the structure of cells and perform many of...
starting material for industrial production of lactic acid, almost any carbohydrate source containing C 5 (Pentose sugar) and C 6 (Hexose sugar) can be used...
Edwards J.; Pitt JI; Tran-Dinh N. (2016). "Genomic insights into the carbohydratecatabolism of Cairneyella variabilis gen. nov. sp. nov., the first reports...
energy—is catabolism. The building up process is termed anabolism. The breakdown of proteins into amino acids is an example of catabolism, while the...
muscle cells. The initial catabolism of fructose is sometimes referred to as fructolysis, in analogy with glycolysis, the catabolism of glucose. In fructolysis...
is a coenzyme for five carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the catabolism of amino acids and fatty acids, synthesis of fatty acids, and gluconeogenesis...
hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside...
proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of proteins by catabolism. The steps of protein synthesis include transcription, translation, and...
1.114). Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase is necessary for the catabolism of N-linked carbohydrates released during glycoprotein turnover. The enzyme catalyzes...
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