polycythemia, polycythemia vera, hyperviscosity syndrome, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, other cases involving internal blood loss
Treatment
IVIG, theophylline, terbutaline, montelukast
Capillary leak syndrome, or vascular leak syndrome, is characterized by the escape of blood plasma through capillary walls, from the blood circulatory system to surrounding tissues, muscle compartments, organs or body cavities. It is a phenomenon most commonly witnessed in sepsis, and less frequently in autoimmune diseases, differentiation syndrome, engraftment syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, viral hemorrhagic fevers, and snakebite and ricin poisoning.[1] Pharmaceuticals, including the chemotherapy medications gemcitabine and denileukin diftitox, as well as certain interleukins and monoclonal antibodies, can also cause capillary leaks.[1][2] These conditions and factors are sources of secondary capillary leak syndrome.
Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), also called Clarkson's disease, or primary capillary leak syndrome, is a rare, grave and episodic medical condition observed largely in otherwise healthy individuals mostly in middle age.[3] It is characterized by self-reversing episodes during which the endothelial cells which line the capillaries, usually of the extremities, separate for one to three days, causing a leakage of plasma mainly into the muscle compartments of the arms and legs. The abdomen, the central nervous system, and the organs (including the lungs) are typically spared, but the extravasation in the extremities is sufficiently massive to cause circulatory shock and compartment syndromes, with a dangerous hypotension (low blood pressure), hemoconcentration (thickening of the blood) and hypoalbuminemia (drop in albumin, a major protein) in the absence of other causes for such abnormalities.[3][4] SCLS is thus a limb- and life-threatening illness, because each episode has the potential to cause damage to limb muscles and nerves, as well as to vital organs due to limited perfusion.[3][4] It is often misdiagnosed as polycythemia, polycythemia vera, hyperviscosity syndrome, or sepsis.[3]
^ abSiddall, Eric; Khatri, Minesh; Radhakrishnan, Jai (16 March 2017). "Capillary leak syndrome: etiologies, pathophysiology, and management". Kidney International. 92 (1): 37–46. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.029. PMID 28318633.
POEMS syndrome (also termed osteosclerotic myeloma, Crow–Fukase syndrome, Takatsuki disease, or PEP syndrome) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused...
increased risk of blood clots resulting in strokes or heart attacks). Capillaryleaksyndrome also leads to abnormally high hematocrit counts, because of the...
needed] Severe protein deficiency Nephrotic syndrome Protein-losing enteropathies Capillaryleaksyndrome In Hb Barts, the high oxygen affinity results...
with dexamethasone. The etiology of retinoic acid syndrome has been attributed to capillaryleaksyndrome from cytokine release from the differentiating...
is not clear. Several causes have been speculated, including a capillaryleaksyndrome from cytokine release from the differentiating myeloid cells. Alternatively...
and Çiğdem Tunç. He currently suffers from a rare disease called capillaryleaksyndrome. His TV show Çarkıfelek (Turkey's version of Wheel of Fortune)...
It is not the same as conditions where the blood vessels leak, such as capillaryleaksyndrome.[citation needed] Under homeostatic conditions, the body...
it may cause posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, that it may cause capillaryleaksyndrome, that it may cause severe lung conditions like pulmonary...
reduced. This causes a backup of blood and excessive fluid to leak from the capillary wall into spaces between the soft tissue's cells, causing swelling...
blood vessels caused by these inflammatory mediators can lead to capillaryleaksyndrome, dilation of blood vessels and a decrease in cardiac function and...
tachycardia, haemoconcentration, persistent apyrexia and profound capillaryleaksyndrome (see entry for Clostridium novyi alpha-toxin for details of mechanism)...
things: In Medicine: Capillaryleaksyndrome a rare medical condition where the number and size of the pores in the capillaries are increased which leads...
capillaryleaksyndrome, a condition in which fluid and proteins leak out of tiny blood vessels into surrounding tissues. Symptoms of capillaryleak syndrome...
adverse effect of high-dose IL-2 therapy is vascular leaksyndrome (VLS; also termed capillaryleaksyndrome). It is caused by lung endothelial cells expressing...
disorders, glomerulonephritis, thrombocytopenia, capillaryleaksyndrome, and myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in people with breast...
and infusion reactions have occurred as well, including edema, capillaryleaksyndrome, a build up of fluid around the lungs and around the heart. Irregular...
dendritic cell neoplasm. In addition, the medicine could cause capillaryleaksyndrome (an unpredictable, potentially life-threatening side effect due...
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and...
and calcium, elevated transaminases, infusion reactions, and capillaryleaksyndrome. Other common adverse effects include retention or urine for weeks...
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