Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
Not to be confused with glycolipid.
Structure of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide that are bacterial toxins. They are composed of an O-antigen, an outer core, and an inner core all joined by covalent bonds, and are found in the bacterial capsule, the outermost membrane of cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella.[1] Today, the term endotoxin is often used synonymously with LPS,[2] although there are a few endotoxins (in the original sense of toxins that are inside the bacterial cell that are released when the cell disintegrates) that are not related to LPS, such as the so-called delta endotoxin proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.[3]
Lipopolysaccharides can have substantial impacts on human health, primarily through interactions with the immune system. LPS is a potent activator of the immune system and pyrogen (agent that causes fever).[4] In severe cases, LPS can play a role in causing septic shock.[5] In lower levels and over a longer time period, there is evidence LPS may play an important and harmful role in autoimmunity, obesity, depression, and cellular senescence.[6][7][8][9]
^Cite error: The named reference Avila-Calderón_2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Rietschel ET, Kirikae T, Schade FU, Mamat U, Schmidt G, Loppnow H, et al. (February 1994). "Bacterial endotoxin: molecular relationships of structure to activity and function". FASEB Journal. 8 (2): 217–225. doi:10.1096/fasebj.8.2.8119492. PMID 8119492. S2CID 28156137.
^Höfte H, de Greve H, Seurinck J, Jansens S, Mahillon J, Ampe C, et al. (December 1986). "Structural and functional analysis of a cloned delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1715". European Journal of Biochemistry. 161 (2): 273–280. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb10443.x. PMID 3023091.
^Roth J, Blatteis CM (October 2014). "Mechanisms of fever production and lysis: lessons from experimental LPS fever". Comprehensive Physiology. 4 (4): 1563–1604. doi:10.1002/cphy.c130033. ISBN 978-0-470-65071-4. PMID 25428854.
^Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. (February 2013). "Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012". Critical Care Medicine. 41 (2): 580–637. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af. PMID 23353941. S2CID 34855187.
^Cite error: The named reference Moran_1996 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Moreno-Navarrete_2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Lasselin_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Wei_2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 22 Related for: Lipopolysaccharide information
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide that are bacterial toxins. They are composed of an O-antigen...
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carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). It targets a lipopolysaccharide transporter. It works by recognizing a composite binding site made...
outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria includes a complex lipopolysaccharide whose lipid portion acts as an endotoxin - and in some bacteria such...
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largely due to a response by the host to the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide, also called endotoxin. Sepsis caused by gram-positive bacteria may...
LY96 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in binding lipopolysaccharide with Toll-Like Receptor (TLR4). The MD-2 protein appears to associate...
lipids of the cell membrane. A gram-negative cell loses its outer lipopolysaccharide membrane, and the inner peptidoglycan layer is left exposed. The CV–I...
proteins such as ion channels also the disrupt membrane by binding lipopolysaccharide, transporters, signaling receptors, and photosystem II. Cleavable...
"Anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon citratus leaf infusion in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated dendritic cells: contribution of the polyphenols". Journal...
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the feces. A 2002 study showed that Chlorella cell walls contain lipopolysaccharides, endotoxins found in Gram-negative bacteria that affect the immune...
filament (rod, hook, and flagellum) passes. that l ring stands for lipopolysaccharide. Jones CJ, Homma M, Macnab RM (July 1989). "L-, P-, and M-ring proteins...
by phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides which face into the external environment. The highly charged nature of lipopolysaccharides confer an overall negative...
died from meningococcal disease; damage is caused by the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide); a healthy survey is carried out at Burford School; Mike Levin (paediatrician)...
organized in dedicated clusters within the genome of the organism. Lipopolysaccharide is one of the most important cell-surface polysaccharides, as it plays...
signal amplifier by Electro-Harmonix Lipopolysaccharide binding protein, protein that binds to Lipopolysaccharide for presentation to receptors Liquid...
of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Most bacteria have the Gram-negative cell wall...
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