Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.[1][2][3] This family includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the placental/chorionic gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG),[3] as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins. These hormones are central to the complex endocrine system that regulates normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.[4] LH and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, while hCG and eCG are secreted by the placenta in pregnant humans and mares, respectively.[5] The gonadotropins act on the gonads, controlling gamete and sex hormone production.
Gonadotropin is sometimes abbreviated Gn. The alternative spelling gonadotrophin which inaccurately implies a nourishing mechanism[6] is also used.
There are various preparations of gonadotropins for therapeutic use, mainly as fertility medication. There are also fad diet or quack preparations, which are illegal in various countries.
^Parhar, Ishwar S. (2002). Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone: Molecules and Receptors. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-50979-8.
^Pierce JG, Parsons TF (1981). "Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 50: 465–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341. PMID 6267989.
^ abStockell Hartree A, Renwick AG (November 1992). "Molecular structures of glycoprotein hormones and functions of their carbohydrate components". The Biochemical Journal. 287 ( Pt 3) (Pt 3): 665–79. doi:10.1042/bj2870665. PMC 1133060. PMID 1445230.
^Godine JE, Chin WW, Habener JF (July 1982). "alpha Subunit of rat pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Primary structure of the precursor determined from the nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 257 (14): 8368–71. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)34340-0. PMID 6177696.
^Golos TG, Durning M, Fisher JM (June 1991). "Molecular cloning of the rhesus glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene". DNA and Cell Biology. 10 (5): 367–80. doi:10.1089/dna.1991.10.367. PMID 1713773.
^Stewart J, Li CH (August 1962). "On the use of -tropin or -trophin in connection with anterior pituitary hormones". Science. 137 (3527): 336–7. Bibcode:1962Sci...137..336S. doi:10.1126/science.137.3527.336. PMID 13917136. S2CID 9747521.
placental/chorionic gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins. These...
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy produced by trophoblast cells that are surrounding a growing...
Gonadotropin preparations are drugs that mimic the physiological effects of gonadotropins, used therapeutically mainly as fertility medication for ovarian...
in the anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. In females, an acute...
Menotropin (also called human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG) is a hormonally active medication for the treatment of fertility disturbances. Frequently...
GnRH neurons, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons, are the cells in the brain that control the release of reproductive hormones from the...
methods are testing for the female pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) in blood or urine using a pregnancy test kit, and scanning with...
level of the reproductive system that is defective. Physicians measure gonadotropins (LH and FSH) to distinguish primary from secondary hypogonadism. In...
suppresses the activity and/or downstream effects of one or both of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This...
gonadotrophins in the anterior pituitary gland. This secretion is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced in the hypothalamus. The gonads develop...
androgen insensitivity syndromes, inadequate pituitary stimulation (gonadotropin deficiency), and other forms of congenital hypogonadism. Micropenis can...
ovarian activity can be classified as either gonadotropin releasing hormone, estrogen antagonists or gonadotropins.[medical citation needed] Treatment decision-making...
The hormone of gonadotropins secreted by the anterior hypophyse gland effects on the gonads and play a crucial role in the process of gonadal development...
the definition of ovarian stimulation. A low dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be injected after completed ovarian stimulation. Ovulation...
underlying cause is a failure in the correct production or activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus. This results in low levels of...
hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 3 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha...
postpone puberty in children. The most commonly used puberty blockers are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which suppress the natural production...
American and international usage uses [citation needed] estrogen and gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek digraph in oestrogen and favours...
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