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Human chorionic gonadotropin information


Chorionic gonadotropin,
alpha polypeptide
Identifiers
SymbolCGA
Alt. symbolsFSHA, GPHa, GPHA1, HCG, LHA, TSHA
NCBI gene1081
HGNC1885
OMIM118850
RefSeqNM_000735
UniProtP01215
Other data
LocusChr. 6 q14-q21
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
chorionic gonadotropin,
beta polypeptide
Identifiers
SymbolCGB
Alt. symbolsCGB3
NCBI gene1082
HGNC1886
OMIM118860
RefSeqNM_000737
UniProtP01233
Other data
LocusChr. 19 q13.3
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy produced by trophoblast cells that are surrounding a growing embryo (syncytiotrophoblast initially), which eventually forms the placenta after implantation.[1][2] The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests (HCG pregnancy strip tests). Some cancerous tumors produce this hormone; therefore, elevated levels measured when the patient is not pregnant may lead to a cancer diagnosis and, if high enough, paraneoplastic syndromes, however, it is not known whether this production is a contributing cause, or an effect of carcinogenesis. The pituitary analog of hCG, known as luteinizing hormone (LH), is produced in the pituitary gland of males and females of all ages.[1][3]

Various endogenous forms of hCG exist. The measurement of these diverse forms is used in the diagnosis of pregnancy and a variety of disease states.[1] Preparations of hCG from various sources have also been used therapeutically, by both medicine and quackery. As of December 6, 2011, the United States Food and Drug Administration has prohibited the sale of "homeopathic" and over-the-counter hCG diet products and declared them fraudulent and illegal.[4][5][6]

Beta-hCG is initially secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast.[citation needed]

  1. ^ a b c Cole LA (January 2009). "New discoveries on the biology and detection of human chorionic gonadotropin". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 7: 8. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-7-8. PMC 2649930. PMID 19171054.
  2. ^ Gregory JJ, Finlay JL (April 1999). "Alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin: their clinical significance as tumour markers". Drugs. 57 (4): 463–467. doi:10.2165/00003495-199957040-00001. PMID 10235686. S2CID 46975142.
  3. ^ Hoermann R, Spoettl G, Moncayo R, Mann K (July 1990). "Evidence for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and free beta-subunit of hCG in the human pituitary". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 71 (1): 179–186. doi:10.1210/jcem-71-1-179. PMID 1695224.
  4. ^ Gever J (December 6, 2011). "FDA Yanks HCG Weight Loss Agents from Market". MedPage Today. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
  5. ^ "HCG Diet Products Are Illegal". FDA. December 6, 2011.
  6. ^ "FDA, FTC act to remove 'homeopathic' HCG weight loss products from the market" (PDF) (Press release). FDA. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2021.

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or absent) uterine bleeding. There may be elevations in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels but it would be in association...

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