The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek adipo-, fat; cytos-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling proteins) secreted by adipose tissue. Some contribute to an obesity-related low-grade state of inflammation or to the development of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of diseases including, but not limited to, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.[1] The first adipokine to be discovered was leptin in 1994.[2] Since that time, hundreds of adipokines have been discovered.[3]
Members include:
Leptin
Adiponectin
Apelin[4]
chemerin[5]
interleukin-6 (IL-6)[6]
monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)[7]
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
tumor necrosis factor[8]
visfatin
omentin
vaspin (SERPINA12)
progranulin
CTRP-4
Interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown to be associated with excessive body weight.[9]
^Mancuso P (May 2016). "The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation". ImmunoTargets and Therapy. 5 (2016): 47–56. doi:10.2147/ITT.S73223. PMC 4970637. PMID 27529061.
^Conde J, Scotece M, Gómez R, López V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Gualillo O (2011). "Adipokines: BioFactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity". BioFactors. 37 (6): 413–420. doi:10.1002/biof.185. PMID 22038756.
^Lehr S, Hartwig S, Sell H (2012). "Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders". Proteomics: Clinical Applications. 6 (1–2): 91–101. doi:10.1002/prca.201100052. PMID 22213627. S2CID 19427071.
^Guo L, Li Q, Wang W, Yu P, Pan H, Li P, Sun Y, Zhang J. Endocr Res. 2009; 34(4):142–154.
^MacDougald1, Ormond A. and Burant, Charles F. (September 2007) "The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines" Cell Metabolism 6: pp. 159–161
^Monzillo, Lais U. (2003) "Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance" Obesity Research 11(9): pp. 1048–1054
^Christiansen T., Richelsen B., and Bruun J.M. (2005) "Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects" International Journal of Obesity 29: pp. 146–150
The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek adipo-, fat; cytos-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling proteins) secreted by adipose tissue...
referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown...
adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake, chemerin is classified as an adipokine. Chemerin has been implicated in autocrine / paracrine signaling for adipocyte...
receptor-like 1 is a G protein-coupled receptor for the chemoattractant adipokine chemerin and the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid-derived specialized...
protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM132A gene. Adipolin is an adipokine. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184163 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...
homologous TNF domain. It is the first cytokine to be described as an adipokine as secreted by adipose tissue. TNF signaling occurs through two receptors:...
profound alterations of bone microarchitecture through modification of the adipokine network. Furthermore, the deficiency in GIP receptors has also been associated...
2010). "[Regulation of differentiation and hypertrophy of adipocytes and adipokine network by PPARgamma]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine...
x. PMC 1782073. PMID 15667571. Trayhurn P, Wood IS (September 2004). "Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue". The British...
Retrieved 19 September 2008. Mazzone T, Fantuzzi G (2006). Adipose Tissue And Adipokines in Health And Disease (Nutrition and Health). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press...
crucial element in regulating the metabolic rate. Autocrine signaling Adipokine Cytokine Hepatokine Endocrine disease Endocrine system Endocrinology Environmental...
matrix of liver cells. Fatty acids can be released from adipose tissue by adipokine signaling of high glucagon and epinephrine levels and low insulin levels...
implicated in the chronic release of pro-inflammatory markers known as adipokines, which are responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome—a constellation...
group of hormones called adipokines that may possibly impair glucose tolerance. But adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, which is found in lower...
gamma is used to treat chronic granulomatous disease and osteopetrosis Adipokines Apoptosis Cytokine redundancy Cytokine release syndrome Cytokine secretion...
molecules, including the cell signalling proteins known as adipokines. Certain adipokines can be considered as hormones, as they regulate the functions...
recruit inflammatory cells. C3a is the precursor of an important cytokine (adipokine) named ASP (although this is not universally accepted ) and is usually...
inflammatory diseases with or without associated insulin resistance. This adipokine is associated with markers of inflammation in seminal plasma and the concentrations...
dysfunction, decreased endogenous vasodilators, inflammation, changes in adipokines, and platelet activation are contributing factors. The diagnosis of MVA...
such as cortisol; and hormones produced by the adipose tissue, termed adipokines." Gava, Giulia; Orsili, Isabella; Alvisi, Stefania; Mancini, Ilaria; Seracchioli...
and cholesteryl ester. White fat cells secrete many proteins acting as adipokines such as resistin, adiponectin, leptin and apelin. An average human adult...
distribution. The medication has been found to increase levels of leptin, an adipokine. The absorption of raloxifene is approximately 60%. However, due to extensive...
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