This Physics needs attention from an expert in medicine. The specific problem is: The language in this article is difficult for the layperson. Reliability of sources needs checking by experts in these fields. The article could be more informative about the use of this treatment for hyperhidrosis. WikiProject Medicine may be able to help recruit an expert.(December 2018)
Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin.[1][2] Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin.[3][4] These phenomena, directly and indirectly, constitute active transport of matter due to an applied electric current. The transport is measured in units of chemical flux, commonly μmol/(cm2×hour).
Iontophoresis has experimental, therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
^Guy, Richard H.; Kalia, Yogeshvar N.; Delgado-Charro, M.Begoña; Merino, Virginia; López, Alicia; Marro, Diego (2000). "Iontophoresis: electrorepulsion and electroosmosis". Journal of Controlled Release. 64 (1–3): 129–132. doi:10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00132-7. ISSN 0168-3659. PMID 10640651.
^Reinauer, S.; Neusser, A.; Schauf, G.; Holzle, E. (1993). "Iontophoresis with alternating current and direct current offset (AC/DC iontophoresis): a new approach for the treatment of hyperhidrosis". British Journal of Dermatology. 129 (2): 166–169. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03521.x. ISSN 0007-0963. PMID 7654577. S2CID 9992535.
^Prausnitz, Mark R; Langer, Robert (2008). "Transdermal drug delivery". Nature Biotechnology. 26 (11): 1261–1268. doi:10.1038/nbt.1504. ISSN 1087-0156. PMC 2700785. PMID 18997767.
^Pikal, Michael J. (2001). "The role of electroosmotic flow in transdermal iontophoresis". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 46 (1–3): 281–305. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(00)00138-1. ISSN 0169-409X. PMID 11259844.
flux, commonly μmol/(cm2×hour). Iontophoresis has experimental, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Iontophoresis is useful in laboratory experiments...
the most common tubes, listing additive and color: Use of lidocaine iontophoresis is effective for reducing pain and alleviating distress during venipuncture...
of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis, to deliver drugs with lesser side effects. Currently, sonophoresis...
as iontophoresis, since EMLA does not penetrate as deeply as iontophoresis-driven anesthetics, EMLA provides a simpler application than iontophoresis. EMLA...
such as paralysis of the upper limbs and brachial plexus. Tap water iontophoresis as a treatment for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis was originally described...
beta-adrenergic receptors (with propranolol introduced transcutaneously by iontophoresis). Blushing was measured at the forehead using a dual channel laser Doppler...
quality of life. Treatments for hyperhidrosis include antiperspirants, iontophoresis, and surgical removal of sweat glands. In severe cases, botulinum toxin...
often used in conjunction with therapeutic exercise and modalities. Iontophoresis and phonophoresis have been utilized successfully against inflammation...
results. Iontophoresis is a well-known treatment for hyperhidrosis that involves applying a direct electrical current to the skin. Iontophoresis has been...
ClinicalTrials.gov "SmartRelief -electronically assisted drug delivery (iontophoresis)". nupathe.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved...
sodium cations.[citation needed] Sweating is induced by pilocarpine iontophoresis. At the test site, an electrode is placed over gauze containing pilocarpine...
hot/cold packs, and electrical muscle stimulation (e.g., cryotherapy, iontophoresis, electrotherapy) are modalities employed to expedite recovery in the...
(TENS) As a treatment for excessive sweating with a process called iontophoresis Electrodiagnosis, for example nerve conduction studies and electromyography...
but not after that. Another treatment technique is known as plantar iontophoresis. This technique involves applying anti-inflammatory substances such...
is mixed with clay, and electrodes are placed on the clay to enact iontophoresis. The specific materials vary from treatment provider, such as including...
increases during the resting state. Using a combination of diffusion iontophoresis techniques pioneered by Nicholson and colleagues, in vivo 2-photon imaging...
resistant to typical antibiotics. While diluted acetic acid is used in iontophoresis, no high quality evidence supports this treatment for rotator cuff disease...
ointments or by means of adhesive patch, such as the nicotine patch or iontophoresis. The skin is an important site of transport in many other organisms...
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