Kumul Rebellion First Battle of Urumqi (1933) Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang
Zhang Peiyuan (traditional Chinese: 張培元) (c. 1894 – 1 June 1934) was a Han Chinese general, commander of the Ili garrison. He fought against Uighur and Tungans during the Kumul revolt, but then secretly negotiated with the Tungan general Ma Zhongying to form an alliance against Sheng Shicai and the Soviet Union.[1][2] Zhang's army had about 3,000 soldiers.[3] They almost destroyed Sheng's armies but then the Soviet Union invaded Xinjiang and overran Zhang's forces.[4] Zhang committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviets at the Muzart Pass during a snow storm.[5][6]
^David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944–1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 52. ISBN 962-201-831-9.
^Pʻing Cheng (1989). Xinjiang: the land and the people. New World Press. p. 54. ISBN 7-80005-078-5.
^Howard L. Boorman; Richard C. Howard; Joseph K. H. Cheng (1970). Biographical dictionary of Republican China, Volume 3. Columbia University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0-231-08957-0.
^James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang. New York City: Columbia University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
^Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. pp. 120, 238. ISBN 0-521-25514-7.
^David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 53. ISBN 962-201-831-9.
ZhangPeiyuan (traditional Chinese: 張培元) (c. 1894 – 1 June 1934) was a Han Chinese general, commander of the Ili garrison. He fought against Uighur and...
Xinjiang, and Luo met with Ma Zhongying and ZhangPeiyuan, urging them to destroy Sheng. Ma Zhongying and ZhangPeiyuan then began a joint attack on Sheng's...
he led a power struggle against his rivals, of whom Ma Zhongying and ZhangPeiyuan were most notable. The first to be removed were the coup leaders and...
Division. In late 1933, the Han Chinese provincial commander General ZhangPeiyuan and his army defected from the provincial government side to Ma Zhongying's...
Xinjiang Provincial Army, thus paving the way for a Soviet invasion. ZhangPeiyuan, a Han Chinese General, who commanded Han Chinese troops in Ili, conducted...
Province Army was defeated by Ma Zhongying's troops. So Jin Shuren ordered ZhangPeiyuan to form the Guihua army. The conscripted Russians were organized as...
the Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying and the Han chinese general ZhangPeiyuan when they were on the verge of defeating Sheng's manchurian and white...
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Division. In late 1933, the Han Chinese provincial commander General ZhangPeiyuan and his army defected from the provincial government side to Ma Zhongying's...
Pappengut commanded some 250 White Russians who headed the forces of ZhangPeiyuan moving from Ili towards the besieged garrison in Kumul Old City. Ma's...
Division. In late 1933, the Han Chinese provincial commander General ZhangPeiyuan and his army defected from the provincial government side to Zhongying's...
Southern Xinjiang (Tunganistan) Ma Zhancang 馬占倉 served under Ma Zhongying ZhangPeiyuan 張培元 1929–1934 Han Chinese Commander of Ili, allied with the Ma Clique...
siblings. He attended Shihua School (时化小学). He secondary studied at Quanzhou Peiyuan High School (泉州培元中学). After graduating from Yenching University in 1931...
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Urumqi, the second time, they were joined by a Han Chinese army under ZhangPeiyuan. In 1934, 2 brigades of Soviet Gosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie...
active. After originally fighting against Ma Zhongying, Han Chinese Gen. ZhangPeiyuan and his Han Ili army defected to Ma Zhongying's side to fight against...
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