Ma Zhongying as pictured in The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries
Nickname(s)
Ga Ssu-ling ("Baby General" or "Little Commander")[1] or "Big Horse"[2]
Born
馬仲英 1910 Linxia County, Gansu, Qing China
Died
After 1936
Allegiance
Republic of China
Years of service
1929–1934
Rank
General
Unit
New 36th Division
Commands held
Chief of the New 36th Division
Battles/wars
Central Plains War, Kumul Rebellion, First Battle of Urumqi (1933), Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang, Battle of Kashgar (1934)
Flag of Twelve Rays Sun in Blue Sky. It was used by Hui warlords who allied themselves with Kuomintang Nanjing and Chiang Kai-shek.
Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying (traditional Chinese: 馬仲英; simplified Chinese: 马仲英; pinyin: Mǎ Zhòngyīng; Wade–Giles: Ma Chung-ying, Xiao'erjing: مَا جٌیِئٍ; c. 1910 or 1908 – after 1936), nickname Commander Ga (尕司令, lit.youngster commander), was a Hui Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China. His birth name was Ma Buying (traditional Chinese: 馬步英; simplified Chinese: 马步英; pinyin: Mǎ Bùyīng; Wade–Giles: Ma Pu-ying).[3][4][5] Ma was a warlord of Gansu Province in China during the 1930s. His alliance with the Kuomintang (KMT) brought his predominantly Chinese Muslim troops under the control of the KMT as the New 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) with Ma Zhongying as its commander. He was ordered to overthrow Jin Shuren, the governor of Xinjiang. After several victories over provincial and White Russian forces, he attempted to expand his territory into southern Xinjiang by launching campaigns from his power base in Gansu, but was stopped by Xinjiang warlord Sheng Shicai with Soviet support in 1934.[6]
^Andrew D.W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 52. ISBN 0-521-25514-7.
^Hedin, Sven, The Flight of Big Horse, New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1936.
^James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^"近現代人物資訊整合系統 - 馬仲英" (in Traditional Chinese). Academia Sinica Institute of Modern History. Archived from the original on 2023-11-12. Retrieved 2023-11-12. 馬仲英 異名 馬步英 姓名：馬仲英 字號：原名步英、字子才
^""尕司令"马仲英" (in Simplified Chinese). Xinhuanet Gansu Branch. Archived from the original on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2016-05-18.
^Who's Who in China; Biographies of Chinese Leaders. Shanghai: THE CHINA WEEKLY REVIEW. 1936. p. 184. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
Haiyuan Ma Qi Ma Lin Ma Bao Ma Guzhong Ma Liang (general) Ma Yuanxiang Ma Bufang Ma Buqing Ma Bukang Ma Buluan Ma Burong Ma Buyuan MaZhongying (Ma Buying)...
Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim General MaZhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were...
Shicai during the Battle of Ürümqi (1933–34) in the Kumul Rebellion. MaZhongying, a Hui (Chinese Muslim), had earlier attended the Whampoa Military Academy...
Revolutionary Army. It was created in 1932 by the Kuomintang for General MaZhongying, who was also its first commander. It was made almost entirely out of...
against the Hui armies in the north, led by MaZhongying. Another Hui faction in Southern Xinjiang under command of Ma Zhancang, meanwhile, had struck an alliance...
(Chinese Muslim) warlord and the brother-in-law and follower of MaZhongying, a Dungan/Hui Ma Clique warlord. He ruled over an area of Southern Xinjiang,...
Kumul Khanate, the Chinese governor Jin Shuren and later the Hui warlord MaZhongying. He is best remembered as the first and only president of the short-lived...
Xinjiang. Since then, he led a power struggle against his rivals, of whom MaZhongying and Zhang Peiyuan were most notable. The first to be removed were the...
then conspired with Khoja Niyaz and MaZhongying to overthrow Jin in the Kumul Rebellion. According to some people, Ma restrained Yulbars from traveling...
Division (National Revolutionary Army), who served under Generals MaZhongying and Ma Hushan. At the Battle of Kashgar (1933), he repulsed an attack of...
battle. When MaZhongying heard that the coup had taken place in Xinjiang, he promptly led the army to the west and sent his general Ma Heying to Altay...
Haiyuan was the seventh younger brother of Ma Haiyan, father of Ma Guzhong and Ma Bao, and grandfather of MaZhongying. Jun Jing (1998). The Temple of Memories:...
Sabit while other prominent figures of TIRET fled. When the forces of MaZhongying arrived in Yarkhand in pursuit of the Khoja on April 20th, but was too...
Bureau of Construction. Ma Qi's eldest son was Ma Buqing and another son was Ma Bufang. Ma Qi was the uncle of MaZhongying. He died on 5 August 1931...
alienated Muslim majority rebelled against Jin. Gansu warlord MaZhongying of the Hui Ma clique invaded in support of the rebellion. Soon, various other...
who served under Generals MaZhongying and Ma Hushan. He was present with MaZhongying, Ma Shih-ming, Ma Shih-lu, and Ma Ho-ying during a meeting with...
Shicai during the Battle of Ürümqi (1933–34) in the Kumul Rebellion. MaZhongying, a Hui (Chinese Muslim), had earlier attended the Whampoa Military Academy...
Union, promising that Zhongying would soon return.[page needed] However, Zhongying never did return and Hushan administered Zhongying's former domain from...
Revolutionary Army) and Han chinese troops led by the Chinese Muslim General MaZhongying and the Han chinese general Zhang Peiyuan when they were on the verge...
troops. In 1932, Ma crushed a Kirghiz revolt led by Id Mirab and jailed several Kirghiz fighters including Osman Ali. When MaZhongying invaded the province...
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