This is a list of the Celestial Masters, leaders of Zhengyi Dao, continuing Wudoumi Dao (Way of the Five Pecks of Rice).[1] After the death of the 64th Celestial Master Zhang Yuanxian in 2008, controversy arose over the legitimate succession, with different descendants claiming to be the rightful 65th Celestial Master, including Zhang Jintao and three other claimants in China mainland; and Zhang Yijiang and Zhang Meiliang in Taiwan. Another Taiwanese master, Zhang Daochen, claims to be the legitimate 64th Celestial Master, as, according to him, Zhang Yuanxian wasn't.[2] In English the Celestial Master was also known as the "Taoist pontiff".[3]
Number
Name
Chinese
Dates
1
Zhang Daoling
张道陵
2nd century CE
2
Zhang Heng [zh]
张衡
?-179
3
Zhang Lu
张鲁
?-215
4
Zhang Sheng
张盛
5
Zhang Zhaocheng
张昭成
6
Zhang Jiao
张椒
7
Zhang Hui
张回
8
Zhang Jiong
张迥
9
Zhang Fu
张符
10
Zhang Zixiang
张子祥
ca. 600
11
Zhang Tongxuan
张通玄
12
Zhang Heng
张恒
13
Zhang Guang
张光
14
Zhang Cizheng
张慈正
15
Zhang Gao
张高
ca. 735
16
Zhang Yingshao
张应韶
17
Zhang Yi
张颐
18
Zhang Shiyuan
张士元
19
Zhang Xiu
张修
20
Zhang Chen
张谌
21
Zhang Bingyi
张秉一
22
Zhang Shan
张善
23
Zhang Jiwen
张季文
24
Zhang Zhengsui
张正随
fl. 1015
25
Zhang Qianyao
张干曜
26
Zhang Sizong
张嗣宗
27
Zhang Xiangzhong
张象中
28
Zhang Dunfu
张敦复
fl. 1077
29
Zhang Jingduan
张景瑞
1049?-1100?
30
Zhang Jixian
张继先
1092–1126
31
Zhang Shixiu
张时修
32
Zhang Shouzhen
张守真
?-1176
33
Zhang Jingyuan
张景渊
34
Zhang Qingxian
张庆先
35
Zhang Keda
张可大
1218-63
36
Zhang Zongyan
张宗演
1244-91
37
Zhang Yudi
张与棣
?-1294
38
Zhang Yucai[4]
张与材
?-1316
39
Zhang Sicheng[5]
张嗣成
?-1344?
40
Zhang Side
张嗣德
?-1353
41
Zhang Zhengyan
张正言
?-1359
42
Zhang Zhengchang (Awarded the title of 正一嗣教眞人[6][7][8])
张正常
1335-78
43
Zhang Yuchu [de]
张宇初
1361–1410
44
Zhang Yuqing
张宇清
1364–1427
45
Zhang Maocheng
张懋丞
46
Zhang Yuanji
张元吉
47
Zhang Xuanqing
张原庆
48
Zhang Yanpian [zh]
张彦页
1480–1550
49
Zhang Yongxu
张永绪
?-1566
50
Zhang Guoxiang
张国祥
?-1611
51
Zhang Xianyong [zh]
张显庸
52
Zhang Yingjing
张应京
53
Zhang Hongren
张洪任
54
Zhang Jizong [zh]
张继宗
?-1716
55
Zhang Xilin
张锡麟
?-1727
56
Zhang Yulong
张遇隆
?-1752
57
Zhang Cunyi
张存义
?-1779
58
Zhang Qilong
张起隆
?-1798
59
Zhang Yu
张钰
60
Zhang Peiyuan
张培源
?-1859
61
Zhang Renzheng
张仁政
1841–1903
62
Zhang Yuanxu
张元旭
1862–1924
63
Zhang Enpu [zh]
张恩溥
1904–1969
64
Zhāng Yuanxian [zh]
張源先
1971–2008
^Kleeman, Terry. "Tianshi Dao," in Encyclopedia of Taoism, Fabrizio Pregadio, ed., (London: Routledge, 2008), 983.
^The China Post: Who’s going to be the 65th Taoist pope?
^Victor Purcell (3 June 2010). The Boxer Uprising: A Background Study. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-0-521-14812-2.
^Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vol.set): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD). BRILL. 8 December 2014. pp. 1035–. ISBN 978-90-04-27164-7.
^Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vol.set): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD). BRILL. 8 December 2014. pp. 1035–. ISBN 978-90-04-27164-7.
^H.S. Brunnert; V.V. Hagelstrom (15 April 2013). Present Day Political Organization of China. Routledge. pp. 494–. ISBN 978-1-135-79795-9.
^"P.494-5. Present Day Political Organization of China". Archived from the original on April 25, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
^"Present day political organization of China".
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