Qualitative scale for explosiveness of volcanic eruptions
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VEI and ejecta volume correlation
The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982.
Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. The scale is open-ended with the largest eruptions in history given a magnitude of 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m3 (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a mega-colossal explosive eruption that can eject 1.0×1012 m3 (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km (66,000 ft). The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale representing a tenfold increase in observed ejecta criteria, with the exception of between VEI-0, VEI-1 and VEI-2.[1]
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Newhall, Christopher G.; Self, Stephen (1982). "The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): An Estimate of Explosive Magnitude for Historical Volcanism" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 87 (C2): 1231–1238. Bibcode:1982JGR....87.1231N. doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2013.
and 25 Related for: Volcanic explosivity index information
The volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the...
This is a list of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century with a volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) of 4 or higher, and smaller eruptions that resulted in...
volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index. This means the volume of deposits for...
Earth includes a list of major volcanic eruptions of approximately at least magnitude 6 on the Volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) or equivalent sulfur dioxide...
strength is the VolcanicExplosivityIndex an order-of-magnitude scale, ranging from 0 to 8, that often correlates to eruptive types Volcanic eruptions arise...
vent and was strombolian in style. It is classed as having a VolcanicExplosivityIndex (VEI) of 2. The process creating the earthquakes of 1 and 2 July...
that have had large explosive eruptions during the Holocene (since about 11,650 years Before Present), with a volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) of 5 or higher...
eruption Volcanicexplosivityindex Mason, Ben G.; Pyle, David M.; Oppenheimer, Clive (2004-12-01). "The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions...
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catastrophic eruption of Krakatoa, a volcanic island in Lampung, which registered as a 6 on the VolcanicExplosivityIndex (VEI), and the tsunamis that ensued...
Wohletz, K. Volcanic Ash. University of California Press. p. 246. Newhall, Christopher G.; Self, Stephen (1982). "The VolcanicExplosivityIndex (VEI): An...
repeated. The inclusion criteria here only covers entries with a Volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) of 5 or greater. The given values for events in the Miocene...
Strombolian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild blasts, typically having a VolcanicExplosivityIndex of 1 or 2. Strombolian eruptions...
1815 eruption was the most powerful volcanic eruption in recorded human history. This volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) 7 eruption ejected 37–45 km3 (8...
index of 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) has been proposed as a cutoff for an ultra-Plinian eruption. In the criteria of VolcanicExplosivity...
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eruptions during the Holocene Epoch (the last 11,700 years). A volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI) has been assigned to all but one of these eruptions. Scientific...
eruption began on 16 December 1631 and culminated the day after. The VolcanicExplosivityIndex was VEI-5, and it was a Plinian eruption that buried many villages...
events on Earth in the past 7,000 years, registering at 6 on the Volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI), and dating back to the mid 5th century A.D. The eruption...
864–950. Bibcode:2013Geosp...9..864B. doi:10.1130/GES00902.1. "VolcanicExplosivityIndex: Measuring the size of an eruption". geology.com. These Mega-Colossal...
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30 times, of which the largest eruption was at scale 5 on the VolcanicExplosivityIndex (VEI), while Mount Merapi has erupted more than 80 times. The...
Archived from the original on 2019-09-25. Retrieved 2019-09-12. "VolcanicExplosivityIndex: Measuring the size of an eruption". geology.com. Archived from...
the volcanicexplosivityindex (VEI). Effusive eruptions (VEI 1) of basaltic composition produce <105 m3 of ejecta, whereas extremely explosive eruptions...
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