Indonesia is a volcanically active country, containing numerous major volcanoes. It has the most volcanoes of any country in the world, with 76 volcanoes that have erupted at least 1,171 times in total within historical times.[1][2][3] The Smithsonian Institution has 141 Indonesian entries in its volcano database.[4] Indonesia has around 130 active volcanoes that are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, and it has suffered the highest numbers of eruptions resulting in fatalities, damage to arable land, debris flows, tsunamis, lava domes, and pyroclastic flows. Indonesia's most active volcanoes are Kelut and Mount Merapi on the island of Java. The majority of Indonesia's volcano are located on a 3,000 km long chain called the Sunda Arc. Here, the subduction of the Indian Ocean crust underneath the Asian Plate produced most of these volcanoes.[5]
^Sample, Ian (1 March 2006). "Scientists find lost civilisation buried by volcano". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
^Evita, Maria; et al. (12 March 2021). "Photogrammetry Using Intelligent-Battery UAV in Different Weather for Volcano Early Warning System Application". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1772 (012017): 2. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1772/1/012017/pdf.
^antaranews.com (16 July 2011). "News Focus: Mt Lokon eruption forces mass evacuation". Antara News. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
^"What country has the most volcanoes?". ask.com.
^"The Indonesia Region". Smithsonian Institution. 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
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