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Viral neuronal tracing is the use of a virus to trace neural pathways, providing a self-replicating tracer. Viruses have the advantage of self-replication over molecular tracers but can also spread too quickly and cause degradation of neural tissue. Viruses that can infect the nervous system, called neurotropic viruses, spread through spatially close assemblies of neurons through synapses, allowing for their use in studying functionally connected neural networks.[1][2][3]
The use of viruses to label functionally connected neurons stems from the work and bioassay developed by Albert Sabin.[4] Subsequent research allowed for the incorporation of immunohistochemical techniques to systematically label neuronal connections.[4] To date, viruses have been used to study multiple circuits in the nervous system.
^Ugolini, Gabriella (2010). "Advances in viral transneuronal tracing". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 194 (1): 2–20. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.12.001. PMID 20004688. S2CID 43490041.
^Koyuncu, Orkide O.; Hogue, Ian B.; Enquist, Lynn W. (2013). "Virus Infections in the Nervous System". Cell Host & Microbe. 13 (4): 379–393. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.010. PMC 3647473. PMID 23601101.
^Ludlow, Martin; Kortekaas, Jeroen; Herden, Christiane; Hoffmann, Bernd; Tappe, Dennis; Trebst, Corinna; Griffin, Diane E.; Brindle, Hannah E.; Solomon, Tom; Brown, Alan S.; van Riel, Debby; Wolthers, Katja C.; Pajkrt, Dasja; Wohlsein, Peter; Martina, Byron E. E. (2016). "Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology". Acta Neuropathologica. 131 (2): 159–184. doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1511-3. ISSN 0001-6322. PMC 4713712. PMID 26659576.
^ abSams, J. M.; Jansen, A. S.; Mettenleiter, T. C.; Loewy, A. D. (1995-07-31). "Pseudorabies virus mutants as transneuronal markers". Brain Research. 687 (1–2): 182–190. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00484-8. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 7583303. S2CID 21516719.
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Viralneuronaltracing is the use of a virus to trace neural pathways, providing a self-replicating tracer. Viruses have the advantage of self-replication...
Anterograde tracing, for labeling from the cell body to synapse; Retrograde tracing, for labeling from the synapse to cell body; Viralneuronaltracing, for...
about circuitry throughout the brain in living animals. (see also Viralneuronaltracing) In order to trace projections from a specific region or cell, a...
to their source (the cell body). Retrograde tracing techniques allow for detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons...
recognition and binding. Rabies lyssavirus is used in research for viralneuronaltracing to establish synaptic connections and directionality of synaptic...
members of the human Herpesviridae family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are very common...
evidence for this level of rewiring comes from primate studies, using viraltracing to map the formation of connections. Primates that were taught to use...
other hand, conditions such as chronic stress, viral infection and aging can result in a decreased neuronal proliferation. Circulating factors within the...
generally not followed. The whole pallidonigral set is made up the same neuronal components. The majority is made up of very large neurons, poorly branched...
plasmids; one example is the non-viral delivery of transcription factor-encoding plasmids with a polymeric carrier to elicit neuronal transdifferentiation of fibroblasts...
to the brain tissue during ICV injection must be minimized to prevent neuronal injury. This requires a highly trained individual or surgeon. Intracerebroventricular...
Francois (1989-01-02). "Neuronal organization of the stapedius reflex pathways in the rat: a retrograde HRP and viral transneuronal tracing study". Brain Research...
include immune dysregulation, genetics, and environmental factors, such as viral infections. MS is usually diagnosed based on the presenting signs and symptoms...
(Ovis aries) miRNA. Other common prefixes include "v" for viral (miRNA encoded by a viral genome) and "d" for Drosophila miRNA (a fruit fly commonly...
against Epilepsy (ILAE), seizures are defined as excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain that is manifested as signs or symptoms. As per the...
Rasin, Arkady; Jacobs, Russell E. (2007). "Role of neuronal activity and kinesin on tract tracing by manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI)". NeuroImage. 37 (Suppl...
studies of single-cell sequencing, which allow a direct assessment of single neuronal genomes, so that a systematic characterization of somatic aneuploidies...
Pantelis Georgiou (December 2011). "40 years of ISFET technology:From neuronal sensing to DNA sequencing". Electronics Letters. 47: S7–S12. doi:10.1049/el...
specifically, the effect of nanoparticle size on the viability, pluripotency, neuronal differentiation, and DNA methylation of hESCs. Her work revealed a type...
genetic, and viral tools for revealing the detailed structure and function of neural circuits including a method that allows the tracing of a single neuron's...
observing the activity-dependent spatially-localized miRNA maturation in neuronal dendrites. Local maturation of the miRNA was found to be associated with...
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