This article is about the virus. For the disease, see Rabies. For other uses, see Rabies (disambiguation).
Rabies lyssavirus
Colorized transmission electron micrograph showing the rabies virus (in red) infecting cultured cells
Virus classification
(unranked):
Virus
Realm:
Riboviria
Kingdom:
Orthornavirae
Phylum:
Negarnaviricota
Class:
Monjiviricetes
Order:
Mononegavirales
Family:
Rhabdoviridae
Genus:
Lyssavirus
Species:
Rabies lyssavirus
Member viruses
Rabies virus
Arctic rabies virus
Synonyms[1]
Rabies virus
Rabies virus, scientific name Rabies lyssavirus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in animals, including humans. Rabies transmission can occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva. Rabies lyssavirus, like many rhabdoviruses, has an extremely wide host range. In the wild it has been found infecting many mammalian species, while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from mammals, birds, reptiles and insects.[2] Rabies is reported in more than 150 countries and on all continents except Antarctica.[3] The main burden of disease is reported in Asia and Africa, but some cases have been reported also in Europe in the past 10 years, especially in returning travellers.[4]
Rabies lyssavirus has a cylindrical morphology and is a member of the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family. These viruses are enveloped and have a single stranded RNA genome with negative-sense. The genetic information is packaged as a ribonucleoprotein complex in which RNA is tightly bound by the viral nucleoprotein. The RNA genome of the virus encodes five genes whose order is highly conserved. These genes code for nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and the viral RNA polymerase (L).[5] The complete genome sequences range from 11,615 to 11,966 nt in length.[6]
All transcription and replication events take place in the cytoplasm inside a specialized “virus factory”, the Negri body (named after Adelchi Negri[7]). These are 2–10 µm in diameter and are typical for a rabies infection and thus have been used as definite histological proof of such infection.[8]
^Walker, Peter (15 June 2015). "mplementation of taxon-wide non-Latinized binomial species names in the family Rhabdoviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 11 February 2019. Rabies virusRabies lyssavirus rabies virus (RABV)[M13215]
^Carter, John; Saunders, Venetia (2007). Virology: Principles and Applications. Wiley. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-470-02386-0.
^"Rabies". www.who.int. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
^Riccardi, Niccolò; Giacomelli, Andrea; Antonello, Roberta Maria; Gobbi, Federico; Angheben, Andrea (June 2021). "Rabies in Europe: An epidemiological and clinical update". European Journal of Internal Medicine. 88: 15–20. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.010. PMID 33934971.
^Finke S, Conzelmann KK (August 2005). "Replication strategies of rabies virus". Virus Res. 111 (2): 120–131. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.004. PMID 15885837.
^"Rabies complete genome". NCBI Nucleotide Database. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
Rabiesvirus, scientific name Rabies lyssavirus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in animals, including humans. Rabies transmission can occur...
the virus must travel along peripheral nerves to reach the central nervous system. Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabiesvirus and Australian...
administered prior to rabiesvirus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease. Transmission of rabiesvirus to humans typically...
prevalence of rabies. Rabies is a zoonotic disease, caused by the rabiesvirus. The rabiesvirus, a member of the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family...
rabies is a viral zoonotic neuro-invasive disease which causes inflammation in the brain and is usually fatal. Rabies, caused by the rabiesvirus, primarily...
Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is a medication made up of antibodies against the rabiesvirus. It is used to prevent rabies following exposure. It is given...
Lyssavirus (from the Greek λύσσα lyssa "rage, fury, rabies" and the Latin vīrus) is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales...
Arctic rabiesvirus is a strain of Rabies lyssavirus that circulates throughout the arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Russia. There have...
bat-borne viruses are considered important emerging viruses. These zoonotic viruses include the rabiesvirus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, and...
distance the virus must travel to reach the central nervous system. Haiti is one of five remaining countries in the Americas where canine rabies is still...
originally named Pteropid lyssavirus (PLV), is a enzootic virus closely related to the rabiesvirus. It was first identified in a 5-month-old juvenile black...
Rabies has been the main plot device or a significant theme in many fictional works. Due to the long history of the virus as well as its neurotropic nature...
natural hosts. Diseases associated with member viruses include rabies encephalitis caused by the rabiesvirus, and flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses...
poliovirus, which is highly neurovirulent but weakly neuroinvasive, and rabiesvirus, which is highly neurovirulent but requires tissue trauma (often resulting...
Mokola lyssavirus, commonly called Mokola virus (MOKV), is an RNA virus related to rabiesvirus that has been sporadically isolated from mammals across...
The Sarawak rabies outbreak is an ongoing rabies outbreak in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia. Until 6 December 2022, 49 confirmed rabies cases and 44...
diameter) found in the cytoplasm of certain nerve cells containing the virus of rabies, especially in pyramidal cells within Ammon's horn of the hippocampus...
nervous system disease JC virus (JCV) Is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and demyelination: 343 Rabiesvirus Gives rise to neuronal...
problems with hearing. Causes of encephalitis include viruses such as herpes simplex virus and rabiesvirus as well as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Other...
Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classifies RNA viruses as those that belong...
contains the rabiesvirus. The virus was discovered in 1970, when a South African farmer (after whom the virus is named) died of a rabies-like encephalitic...
Cryptic rabies refers to infection from unrecognized exposure to rabiesvirus. It is often phylogenetically traced to bats. It is most often seen in the...
rabiesvirus. The virus has a glycoprotein on its surface which interacts with the receptor. Rabiesvirus can bind to mGLuR2 directly and the virus-receptor...
in hunting than do large packs. Pathogens and parasites, notably the rabiesvirus, may infect wolves. The global wild wolf population was estimated to...
European bat 2 lyssavirus (EBLV-2) is one of three rabies-virus-like agents of the genus Lyssavirus found in Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) in Great...
the first vaccine for rabies by growing the virus in rabbits, and then weakening it by drying the affected nerve tissue. The rabies vaccine was initially...
Robert; Jarvis, Jodie A.; Bowen, Richard A. (2012). "Naturally Acquired RabiesVirus Infections in Wild-Caught Bats". Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases....
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