Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, /vɛdʒˈɛf/), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF),[1] is a signal protein produced by many cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels. To be specific, VEGF is a sub-family of growth factors, the platelet-derived growth factor family of cystine-knot growth factors. They are important signaling proteins involved in both vasculogenesis (the de novo formation of the embryonic circulatory system) and angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature).
It is part of the system that restores the oxygen supply to tissues when blood circulation is inadequate such as in hypoxic conditions.[2] Serum concentration of VEGF is high in bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus.[3]
VEGF's normal function is to create new blood vessels during embryonic development, new blood vessels after injury, muscle following exercise, and new vessels (collateral circulation) to bypass blocked vessels.
It can contribute to disease. Solid cancers cannot grow beyond a limited size without an adequate blood supply; cancers that can express VEGF are able to grow and metastasize. Overexpression of VEGF can cause vascular disease in the retina of the eye and other parts of the body. Drugs such as aflibercept, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and pegaptanib can inhibit VEGF and control or slow those diseases.
^Senger, D.; Galli, S.; Dvorak, A.; Perruzzi, C.; Harvey, V.; Dvorak, H. (25 February 1983). "Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid". Science. 219 (4587): 983–985. Bibcode:1983Sci...219..983S. doi:10.1126/science.6823562. PMID 6823562.
^Palmer, Biff F.; Clegg, Deborah J. (2014). "Oxygen sensing and metabolic homeostasis". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 397 (1–2): 51–57. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.001. PMID 25132648. S2CID 5165215.
^Cooper, Mark; Vranes, Dimitria; Youssef, Sherif; Stacker, Steven A.; Cox, Alison J.; Rizkalla, Bishoy; Casley, David J.; Bach, Leon A.; Kelly, Darren J.; Gilbert, Richard E. (November 1999). "Increased Renal Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Its Receptor VEGFR-2 in Experimental Diabetes". Diabetes. 48 (11): 2229–2239. doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.11.2229. PMID 10535459.
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reason intravitreal injections are used is to administer anti-vascularendothelialgrowthfactor (anti-VEGF) therapies to treat wet age related macular degeneration...
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