Gene or genetic material that has been transferred from one organism to another
A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene, in a process known as transgenesis, has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism. Transgene describes a segment of DNA containing a gene sequence that has been isolated from one organism and is introduced into a different organism. This non-native segment of DNA may either retain the ability to produce RNA or protein in the transgenic organism or alter the normal function of the transgenic organism's genetic code. In general, the DNA is incorporated into the organism's germ line. For example, in higher vertebrates this can be accomplished by injecting the foreign DNA into the nucleus of a fertilized ovum. This technique is routinely used to introduce human disease genes or other genes of interest into strains of laboratory mice to study the function or pathology involved with that particular gene.
The construction of a transgene requires the assembly of a few main parts. The transgene must contain a promoter, which is a regulatory sequence that will determine where and when the transgene is active, an exon, a protein coding sequence (usually derived from the cDNA for the protein of interest), and a stop sequence. These are typically combined in a bacterial plasmid and the coding sequences are typically chosen from transgenes with previously known functions.[1]
Transgenic or genetically modified organisms, be they bacteria, viruses or fungi, serve many research purposes. Transgenic plants, insects, fish and mammals (including humans) have been bred. Transgenic plants such as corn and soybean have replaced wild strains in agriculture in some countries (e.g. the United States). Transgene escape has been documented for GMO crops since 2001 with persistence and invasiveness. Transgenetic organisms pose ethical questions and may cause biosafety problems.
^"Transgene Design". Mouse Genetics Core. Washington University. Archived from the original on March 2, 2011.
A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another. The...
if the transgene is incorporated into the host's germline cells, the resulting host cell can pass the transgene to its progeny. If the transgene is incorporated...
biolistic particle delivery system is a device used to deliver exogenous DNA (transgenes), RNA, or protein to cells. By coating particles of a heavy metal with...
expression of the carried transgene. Among these features is the number of CpG sites which contribute to epigenetic silencing of the transgene carried by the episome...
can also affect the expression pattern of the transgene. Since each transgenic organism has the transgene in a different location each transgenic organism...
termed transduction. Viral vectors may integrate the genetic material—the transgene—into the host genome, although non-integrative vectors have also been...
modification of the Ti plasmid is one of the main techniques for introduction of transgenes to plants and the creation of genetically modified crops. Epigenetics...
In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in...
of transgene products in transplastomic plants. One big advantage in using inducible expression systems is to optimize concentration of transgene protein...
"Tet-off" tetracycline controlled transcriptional activation to regulate transgene expression in organisms and cell cultures. In addition to these biological...
blots are still used for some applications, however, such as measuring transgene copy number in transgenic mice or in the engineering of gene knockout...
level of recombinant proteins, as well as increases the expression of transgenes under low temperature conditions. Okabe M, Ikawa M, Kominami K, Nakanishi...
this new genetic information, the pattern of expression of the injected transgene's protein due to the random integration is very variable. As the aim of...
encodes the transgene. Pseudotyped, self-inactivating lentiviruses are an effective method for the stable insertion of a desired transgene into the target...
opioids including this one. This system uses Saccharomyces cerevisiae with transgenes from Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy) and Pseudomonas putida to turn...
a particular species of Crop to an entirely different species. These transgene crops possess desirable characteristics in terms of flavor, color of flowers...
used to optimize virus targeting to specific cancer types, to select transgenes to include into the viral genome, and to optimize viral infection and/or...
property protection, but could be beneficial in preventing the dispersal of transgenes. GeneSafe technologies introduced a method that became known as "Terminator...
technology exists in early form such as experiments in using the prepro-orexin transgene via gene editing restored normal function in mice models by making other...
is also capable of inserting entire genes (such as transgenes) at the target site if the transgene is incorporated into the homology repair template that...
et al. (January 2015). "Viral Expression Cassette Elements to Enhance Transgene Target Specificity and Expression in Gene Therapy". Discov Med. 19 (102):...
as well as techniques for tracing the transgenes in animals and products as well as issues regarding transgene stability. Some mammals typically used...
A→I RNA editing may counteract RNAi silencing of endogenous genes and transgenes. Organisms vary in their ability to take up foreign dsRNA and use it in...
efficiently and continuing to grow. So-called "scuba rice" with the Sub1A transgene is robustly tolerant of submergence for as long as two weeks, offering...
The transgene can be expressed either through a stable transformation system or through transient transformation system based on where the transgene has...
Global Information