Outline of a Thermotoga maritima section showing the "toga"
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Thermotogota
Class:
Thermotogae
Order:
Thermotogales
Family:
Thermotogaceae
Genus:
Thermotoga Huber et al. 1986
Type species
Thermotoga maritima
Huber et al. 1986
Species[1]
T. maritima
T. naphthophila
T. neapolitana
T. petrophila
Thermotoga is a genus of the phylum Thermotogota. Members of Thermotoga are hyperthermophilic bacteria whose cell is wrapped in a unique sheath-like outer membrane, called a "toga".
The members of the phylum stain Gram-negative as they possess a thin peptidoglycan in between two lipid bilayers, albeit both peculiar.[2] The peptidoglycan is unusual as the crosslink is not only meso-diaminopimelate as occurs in Pseudomonadota, but D-lysine.[NB 1][3]
The species are anaerobes with varying degrees of oxygen tolerance. They are capable of reducing elemental sulphur (S0) to hydrogen sulphide.[2]
Whether thermophily is an innovation of the lineage or an ancestral trait is unclear and cannot be determined.
The genome of Thermotoga maritima was sequenced in 1999, revealing several genes of archaeal origin, possibly allowing its thermophilic adaptation.[4] The CG (cytosine-guanine) content of T. maritima is 46.2%;[2] most thermophiles in fact have high CG content; this has led to the speculation that CG content may be a non-essential consequence to thermophily and not the driver towards thermophily.[5][6]
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^Boniface, A.; Parquet, C.; Arthur, M.; Mengin-Lecreulx, D.; Blanot, D. (2009). "The Elucidation of the Structure of Thermotoga maritima Peptidoglycan Reveals Two Novel Types of Cross-link". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (33): 21856–21862. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.034363. PMC 2755910. PMID 19542229.
^Fraser, C. M.; Clayton, K. E.; Gill, R. A.; Gwinn, S. R.; Dodson, M. L.; Haft, R. J.; Hickey, D. H.; Peterson, E. K.; Nelson, J. D.; Ketchum, W. C.; McDonald, K. A.; Utterback, L.; Malek, T. R.; Linher, J. A.; Garrett, K. D.; Stewart, M. M.; Cotton, A. M.; Pratt, M. D.; Phillips, M. S.; Richardson, C. A.; Heidelberg, D.; Sutton, J.; Fleischmann, G. G.; Eisen, R. D.; White, J. A.; Salzberg, O.; Smith, S. L.; Venter, H. O.; Fraser, J. C. (1999). "Evidence for lateral gene transfer between Archaea and bacteria from genome sequence of Thermotoga maritima". Nature. 399 (6734): 323–329. Bibcode:1999Natur.399..323N. doi:10.1038/20601. PMID 10360571.
^Pasamontes, A.; Garcia-Vallve, S. (2006). "Use of a multi-way method to analyze the amino acid composition of a conserved group of orthologous proteins in prokaryotes". BMC Bioinformatics. 7: 257. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-257. PMC 1489954. PMID 16709240.
^Puigbò, P.; Pasamontes, A.; Garcia-Vallve, S. (2008). "Gaining and losing the thermophilic adaptation in prokaryotes". Trends in Genetics. 24 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.10.005. PMID 18054113.
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Thermotoga maritima is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales. T. maritima is well known for its ability to...
Thermotoga is a genus of the phylum Thermotogota. Members of Thermotoga are hyperthermophilic bacteria whose cell is wrapped in a unique sheath-like outer...
Thermotoga neapolitana is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales. Thermotoga neapolitana was discovered in 1985 in Lucrino...
Thermotoga elfii is a rod-shaped, glucose-fermenting bacterium. The type strain of T. elfii is SEBR 6459T. The genus Thermotoga was originally thought...
Thermotoga naphthophila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-10T. The taxonomic...
Thermotoga subterranea is a thermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and Gram-negative bacterium, with type strain SL1. C. Jeanthon; A. L. Reysenbach;...
Thermotoga petrophila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-1T. T. petrophila...
Thermotoga lettingae is a thermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and Gram-negative bacterium, with type strain TMOT. Balk, M. (2002). "Thermotoga...
length. Diabolic acids were also detected in the core lipids of the genus Thermotoga of the order Thermotogales, bacteria living in solfatara springs, deep-sea...
Thermotoga hypogea is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales. It is thermophilic, xylanolytic, glucose-fermenting, strictly...
Structure Initiative (PSI) is to solve the structures for all the proteins in Thermotoga maritima, a thermophillic bacterium. T. maritima was selected as a structural...
analyses. Additional CSIs have also been found that are specific for Thermotoga, Pseudothermotoga, Fervidobacterium, and Thermosipho. These CSIs are specific...
Thermotogaceae then diverged into the genus Thermotoga and the genus Pseudothermotoga. The genus Thermotoga represents the majority of existing hyperthermophiles...
influence the non-covalent interactions between enzyme structure. The Thermotoga maritima species make cellulases consisting of 2 β-sheets (protein structures)...
in 65–100 °C in Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park. Thermotoga, especially Thermotoga maritima Mesophile Psychrophile Thermophile Unique properties...
Logan DT, et al. (May 2017). "Crystal structure of β-glucosidase 1A from Thermotoga neapolitana and comparison of active site mutants for hydrolysis of flavonoid...
Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathways in hyperthermophilic archaea and the bacterium Thermotoga". Archives of Microbiology. 167 (4): 217–232. Bibcode:1997ArMic.167..217S...
Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and Thermotoga neapolitana DNA polymerase". Protein Engineering. 13 (9): 645–54. doi:10...
Thermoproteota and the presence of archaea-like genes in certain bacteria, such as Thermotoga maritima, from horizontal gene transfer. The standard hypothesis states...
The crystal structure of the HEPN domain from the TM0613 protein of Thermotoga maritima indicates that it is structurally similar to the C-terminal all-alpha-helical...
Withers SG, Henrissat B, Bourne Y (March 2004). "Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima alpha-L-fucosidase. Insights into the catalytic mechanism and...
crystal structure of putative glutamine amido transferase (tm1158) from thermotoga maritima at 1.70 a resolution Identifiers Symbol GATase Pfam PF00117 Pfam...
prokaryotes as well as the gram negative hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima possess sirtuins that are intermediate in sequence between classes...
the biotin repressor family. The transcription regulator TM1602 from Thermotoga maritima is a DNA-binding protein thought to belong to a family of de...
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