Models for bacterial (A) and eukaryotic (B) DNA replication initiation. A) Circular bacterial chromosomes contain a cis-acting element, the replicator, that is located at or near replication origins. i) The replicator recruits initiator proteins in a DNA sequence-specific manner, which results in melting of the DNA helix and loading of the replicative helicase onto each of the single DNA strands (ii). iii) Assembled replisomes bidirectionally replicate DNA to yield two copies of the bacterial chromosome. B) Linear eukaryotic chromosomes contain many replication origins. Initiator binding (i) facilitates replicative helicase loading (ii) onto duplex DNA to license origins. iii) A subset of loaded helicases is activated for replisome assembly. Replication proceeds bidirectionally from origins and terminates when replication forks from adjacent active origins meet (iv).
The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated.[1] Propagation of the genetic material between generations requires timely and accurate duplication of DNA by semiconservative replication prior to cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the full complement of chromosomes.[2] This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses.[3] Synthesis of daughter strands starts at discrete sites, termed replication origins, and proceeds in a bidirectional manner until all genomic DNA is replicated. Despite the fundamental nature of these events, organisms have evolved surprisingly divergent strategies that control replication onset.[2] Although the specific replication origin organization structure and recognition varies from species to species, some common characteristics are shared.
^ abEkundayo B, Bleichert F (September 2019). "Origins of DNA replication". PLOS Genetics. 15 (9): e1008320. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008320. PMC 6742236. PMID 31513569. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^Hulo C, de Castro E, Masson P, Bougueleret L, Bairoch A, Xenarios I, Le Mercier P (January 2011). "ViralZone: a knowledge resource to understand virus diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (Database issue): D576-82. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq901. PMC 3013774. PMID 20947564.
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The originofreplication (also called the replicationorigin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. Propagation of the...
biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all...
starts replicating its DNA for grand daughter cell. For the same reason, the initiation of DNA replication is highly regulated. Bacterial origins regulate...
Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replicationof chromosomal DNA...
replication bubble for DNA replication to then proceed. Archaea use a simpler homolog of the eukaryotic origin recognition complex to find the origin...
self-replication. The RNA replication systems, which include two ribozymes that catalyze each other's synthesis, showed a doubling time of the product of about...
an originofreplication. The self-replicating unit, in this case, the plasmid, is called a replicon. A typical bacterial replicon may consist of a number...
single originofreplication. In eukaryotes, these replicating forks, which are numerous all along the DNA, form "bubbles" in the DNA during replication. The...
that recognize a specific DNA sequence within the originofreplication. The originofreplication is the site where the helicase attaches to the template...
Semiconservative replication describes the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells. DNA replication occurs on multiple originsofreplication along the...
initiation of DNA replication, including blocking reinitiation in G2/M phase. The ORC is present throughout the cell cycle bound to replicationorigins, but...
properties. These vectors carry, in addition to the originof plasmid replication, an originofreplication derived from bacteriophage. Unlike commonly used...
resistance (TetR) protein. It contains the originofreplicationof pMB1, and the rop gene, which encodes a restrictor of plasmid copy number. The plasmid has...
proteins at the origin region of the chromosome, called oriC. These assembly stages are regulated to ensure that chromosome replication occurs only once...
strand, lagging strand, replicationorigin, and replication terminal. Most bacteria and archaea contain only one DNA replicationorigin. The GC skew is positive...
for replication and selection in both E. coli cells and yeast cells. The E. coli component of a yeast shuttle vector includes an originofreplication and...
cell contains the full amount of DNA material. The process of DNA duplication is usually called replication. The replication is termed semiconservative since...
function of this protein is highly important in DNA replication. The protein negatively regulates the initiation of DNA replication at the originof replication...
autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) contains the originofreplication in the yeast genome. It contains four regions (A, B1, B2, and B3), named in order of their...
kb of DNA, limits based on the normal bacteriophage packaging size. They can replicate as plasmids if they have a suitable originofreplication (ori):...
cognate replication (Rep) initiator proteins to achieve the required regulatory effect. Iterons have an important role in plasmid replication. An iteron-containing...
sequences required for DNA replication, and the resulting recombinant DNA is introduced into the organism from which the replication sequences were obtained...
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