Greatest extent of the Sultanate of Ternate c. 1585
Capital
TernateGammalammo (royal capital 1575-1606)
Common languages
Ternate, Malay, Portuguese (from 16th to 17th century), and Portuguese based creole.
Religion
Animism and Hinduism (1257–1486)
Sunni Islam (after 1486)
Government
Sultanate
Sultan Alam ma-kolano
• 1257 – 1277
Baab Mashur Malamo
• 1486 – 1500
Zainal Abidin of Ternate (first sultan)
• 1902 – 1915
Muhammad Usman Shah (last sultan to rule Ternate)
• 1929 – 1975
Muhammad Jabir Syah (Honorary Sultan)
• 2015 – 2019
Sjarifuddin Sjah (Pretender)
• 2021 – present
Hidayatullah Mudaffar Sjah (Pretender)
History
• Founded
1257
• Conversion to Islam
1486
• Vassalisation by Dutch
1683
• Final ruler dethroned by Dutch
1914
• Honorary sultan crowned
1929
Succeeded by
Dutch East Indies
Today part of
Indonesia
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The Sultanate of Ternate (Jawi: کسلطانن ترناتي), previously also known as the Kingdom of Gapi[1] is one of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Indonesia besides the sultanates of Tidore, Jailolo, and Bacan.
The Ternate kingdom was established by Momole Cico, the first leader of Ternate, with the title Baab Mashur Malamo, traditionally in 1257.[1] It reached its Golden Age during the reign of Sultan Baabullah (1570–1583) and encompassed most of the eastern part of Indonesia and a part of southern Philippines. Ternate was a major producer of cloves and a regional power from the 15th to 17th centuries.
The dynasty founded by Cico continues to the present, as does the Sultanate itself, although it no longer holds any political power.
^ ab"Sejarah Kesultanan Ternate: Kerajaan Islam Tertua di Maluku Utara". tirto.id (in Indonesian). 9 July 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
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