Ternate is a language of northern Maluku, eastern Indonesia. It is spoken by the Ternate people [id], who inhabit the island of Ternate, as well as many other areas of the archipelago. It is the dominant indigenous language of North Maluku, historically important as a regional lingua franca. A North Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages of Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family.[5]
Due to the historical role of the Ternate Sultanate, Ternate influence is present in many languages of eastern Indonesia. Borrowings from Ternate extend beyond the Maluku Islands, reaching the regions of central and northern Sulawesi.[6] Languages such as Taba and West Makian have borrowed much of their polite lexicons from Ternate,[7][8] while the languages of northern Sulawesi have incorporated many Ternate vocabulary items related to kingship and administration.[9] The language has been a source of lexical and grammatical borrowing for North Moluccan Malay, the local variant of Malay, which has given rise to other eastern Indonesian offshoots of Malay, such as Manado Malay.[10][11]
^ abTernate at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890). Bijdragen tot de kennis der residentie Ternate (in Dutch). E.J. Brill. p. 193.
^"Ternatan/Tidorese - Dictionary definition of Ternatan/Tidorese". encyclopedia.com.
^Fathurahman, Oman (2015), Filologi Indonesia Teori dan Metode (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Prenada Media, p. 128, ISBN 978-623-218-153-3, OCLC 1001307264, retrieved 2022-09-07
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Watuseke, F.S. (1991). "The Ternate Language". In Dutton, Tom (ed.). Papers in Papuan Linguistics No. 1(PDF). Pacific Linguistics A-73. Translated by Voorhoeve, Clemens L. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. pp. 223–244. doi:10.15144/PL-A73.223. ISBN 0-85883-393-X. OCLC 24406501.
^Voorhoeve, C.L. (1982). "The West Makian language, North Moluccas, Indonesia: a fieldwork report". In Voorhoeve, C.L. (ed.). The Makian languages and their neighbours(PDF). Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. p. 47. doi:10.15144/PL-D46.1. ISBN 0858832771. OCLC 12421689.
^Bowden, John (2005). "Taba". In Adelaar, K. Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. (eds.). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. Abingdon/New York: Routledge. p. 770. doi:10.4324/9780203821121. ISBN 978-0-203-82112-1. OCLC 53814161.
^Sneddon, J.N. (1989). "The North Sulawesi microgroups: In search of higher level connections" (PDF). In Sneddon, J.N. (ed.). Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics I. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA. p. 92.
^Taylor, Paul Michael (1999). "Introduction" (PDF). F.S.A. de Clercq's Ternate: The Residency and its Sultanate (Smithsonian Institution Libraries digital ed.). Smithsonian Institution Libraries. p. 7.
^Allen, Robert B.; Hayami-Allen, Rika (2002). "Orientation in the Spice Islands" (PDF). In Macken, Marlys (ed.). Papers from the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 2000. Tempe: Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies. p. 21. ISBN 1-881044-29-7. OCLC 50506465.
Ternate is a language of northern Maluku, eastern Indonesia. It is spoken by the Ternate people [id], who inhabit the island of Ternate, as well as many...
Ternate, also known as the City of Ternate, is a city in the Indonesian province of North Maluku and an island in the Maluku Islands. It was the de facto...
The Sultanate of Ternate (Jawi: کسلطانن ترناتي), previously also known as the Kingdom of Gapi is one of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Indonesia besides...
Ternateans used (and still use) the unrelated Ternatelanguage, a West Papuan language, as their first language. Malay was used solely as a lingua franca...
other language families. Distinct from surrounding Austronesian languages. Ternatelanguage, spoken in Ternate and northern Halmahera. Tidore language, spoken...
as Ternate, a more dominant language of North Maluku.: 141, 342–535 Dutch loans have entered the language too, perhaps through Malay and Ternate. Standard...
Retta (Reta) is a Papuan language spoken on the south sides of Pura and Ternate islands, between Pantar and Alor in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia....
with Ternate or Moluccas.: 17 : 34 A theory holds that Maluku comes from the phrase Moloko Kie Raha or Moloku Kie Raha. In the Ternatelanguage, raha...
influence of the Ternate Sultanate. The links with the Ternate people are evidenced by lexical borrowings from the Ternatelanguage; moreover, Manado...
singular) and ngoni ('you', plural) are of Ternate–Tidore origin. Manado Malay has been displacing the indigenous languages of the area. The vowel system of Manado...
many Ternate loanwords, a historical legacy of the dominance of the Ternate Sultanate in the Moluccas. Sahu, like other North Halmahera languages, is not...
Ternate, a historical legacy of the presence of foreign powers. The Minahasan languages are distinct from the Manado Malay (Minahasa Malay) language,...
the languages of the rival medieval Ternate and Tidore sultanates, famous for their role in the spice trade. The North Halmahera (NH) languages, spoken...
trade language in the Moluccan-New Guinean region. It is closely related to Ternate, of which it is sometimes considered a dialect. Both Ternate and Tidore...
the Philippine group within the Austronesian language family. Some lexical influence comes from Ternate and Spanish. /ɣ/ is mainly heard in the Sangihé...
North Moluccan Malay (also known as Ternate Malay) is a Malay-based creole language spoken on Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, and Sula Islands, North Maluku...
in Philippine English. The Nahuatl name is also partly preserved in the Ternate common name tsjutsju, derived from the Philippine name. In other parts...
Portuguese-based creole language spoken by Christians of mixed Portuguese and Malay ancestry in the islands of Ambon and Ternate in the Moluccas (Indonesia)...
North Halmahera languages (especially Tobelo, Galela, and Ternate), languages of Southeast Sulawesi, as well as the two Makian languages (Taba and Moi)...
Toronto, a French-language theatre company in Toronto, Canada Tit for tat, equivalent retaliation, in game theory Ternatelanguage, spoken on Indonesia's...
originates from European and other non-Minahasan languages, such as Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Malay, and Ternate. Other names and dialect names are: Makela'i-Maotow...
1.37%, Ternate 0.60%, Tobelo 0.55%, Sanger 6.67%, Bugis 1.24%, Java 0.77%, and Maba as much as 1.03%. Gorap is classified as a creole language of East...
Cico according to historical tradition, was the first king (Kolano) of Ternate in Maluku Islands, Indonesia. His regnal years are given as 1257-1277....
Halmaheran language is Ternate (50,000 native speakers), which is a regional lingua franca and which, along with Tidore, were the languages of the rival...
orthography. North Moluccan Malay (also known as Ternate Malay) is a Malay-based creole language spoken on Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, and Sula Islands, North...
indoˈnesija]) is the official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca...
from European languages, such as Dutch, as well as Malay, Tombulu, and Ternate. There are three main dialects of the Tondano language: Tondano proper...
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