The Sultanate of Tidore (Malay: كسلطانن تدوري, romanized: Kesultanan Tidore; sometimes Kerajaan Tidore) was a sultanate in Southeast Asia, centered on Tidore in the Maluku Islands (presently in North Maluku, Indonesia). It was also known as Duko, its ruler carrying the title Kië ma-kolano (Ruler of the Mountain). Tidore was a rival of the Sultanate of Ternate for control of the spice trade and had an important historical role as binding the archipelagic civilizations of Indonesia to the Papuan world.[2] According to extant historical records, in particular the genealogies of the kings of Ternate and Tidore, the inaugural Tidorese king was Sahjati or Muhammad Naqil whose enthronement is dated 1081 in local tradition. However, the accuracy of the tradition that Tidore emerged as a polity as early as the 11th century is considered debatable. Islam was only made the official state religion in the late 15th century through the ninth King of Tidore, Sultan Jamaluddin. He was influenced by the preachings of Syekh Mansur, originally from Arabia.[3] In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultans tended to ally with either Spain or Portugal to maintain their political role but were finally drawn into the Dutch sphere of power in 1663. Despite a period of anti-colonial rebellion in 1780–1810, the Dutch grip on the sultanate increased until decolonization in the 1940s. Meanwhile, Tidore's suzerainty over Raja Ampat and western Papua was acknowledged by the colonial state.[4] In modern times, the sultanate has been revived as a cultural institution.[5]
Portrait of Sultan Saifuddin of Tidore, Czartoryski Museum, Kraków.
^Widjojo, Muridan Satrio (2009). The Revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-Cultural Alliance-making in Maluku, C.1780-1810. BRILL. p. 151. ISBN 978-90-04-17201-2.
^Trajectories of the early-modern kingdoms in eastern Indonesia
^Sejarah Kerajaan Tidore.
^Heather Sutherland (2021) Seaways and Gatekeepers; Trade and State in the Eastern Archipelagos of Southeast Asia, c. 1600-c. 1906. Singapore: NUS Press, p. 190-2, 225-6, 266-8, 368-70.
^Kirsten Jäger (2018) Das Sultanat Jailolo; Die Revitalisierung von "traditionellen" politischen Gemeinwesen in Indonesien. Berlin: Lit Verlag, p. 196.
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