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Suleiman the Magnificent, the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire
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Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks in West, Central, South Asia and North Africa
Emperor: Caliph
Shahanshah
King of Kings
Padishah
Banbishn
Sultan of Sultans
Chakravarti
Samrat
Maharajadhiraja
Khagan
King: Maharaja
Malik
Sultan
Sultana
Shah
Shahbanu
Shirvanshah
Khan
Khatun
Hatun
Dey
Nizam
Nawab
Amir al-umara
Khagan Bek
Prince or Duke: Emir
Sheikh
Raja
Rana
Ikhshid
Beylerbey
Pasha
Babu Saheb
Sardar
Mandal
Patil
Rajkumar
Sahibzada
Chhatrapati
Nawab
Nawabzada
Yuvraj
Thakur
Şehzade
Mirza
Morza
Tegin
Khedive
Nizam
Yabghu
Ishkhan
Shahzada
Vali Ahd
Prince of the Sa'id
Mir
Shad
Khanum
Earl or Count: Mankari
Dewan Bahadur
Sancak bey
Rao Bahadur
Rai Bahadur
Khan Bahadur
Atabeg
Boila
Wāli
Sparapet
Azat
Viscount: Zamindar
Khan Sahib
Bey
Kadi
Baig or Begum
Begzada
Uç bey
Baron: Lala
Agha
Hazinedar
Rais
Jagirdar
Saranjamdar
Taluqdar
Tarafdar
Sikdar
Royal house: Damat
Gurkani
Nobleman: Zamindar
Jenmi
Mankari
Mian
Mirza
Pasha
Bey
Baig
Begzada
al-Dawla
Bibi
Governmental: Lala
Vizier
Dewan
Agha
Hazinedar
Faujdar
Lambardar
Mridha
Chowdhury
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
v
t
e
Sultan (/ˈsʌltən/; Arabic: سلطانsulṭān, pronounced[sʊlˈtˤɑːn,solˈtˤɑːn]) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun سلطةsulṭah, meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty (i.e., not having dependence on any higher ruler) without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic",[1] and the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate (سلطنةsalṭanah).[2][3]
The term is distinct from king (ملكmalik), though both refer to a sovereign ruler. The use of "sultan" is restricted to Muslim countries, where the title carries religious significance,[4][5] contrasting the more secular king, which is used in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries.
Brunei, Malaysia and Oman are the only independent countries which retain the title "sultan" for their monarchs. In recent years, the title has been gradually replaced by "king" by contemporary hereditary rulers who wish to emphasize their secular authority under the rule of law. A notable example is Morocco, whose monarch changed his title from sultan to king in 1957.
^"Definition of sultan | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
^"Definition of 'Sultanate'". www.merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 2022-06-22. Retrieved 2022-06-22.
^"Sultanate Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 2022-06-22. Retrieved 2022-06-22.
^James Edward Montgomery (2004). ʻAbbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ʻAbbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6–10 July 2002. Peeters Publishers. p. 83. ISBN 978-90-429-1433-9. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
^Riad Aziz Kassis (1999). The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works. Brill. p. 65. ISBN 90-04-11305-3. Archived from the original on 2024-01-27. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
Sultan (/ˈsʌltən/; Arabic: سلطان sulṭān, pronounced [sʊlˈtˤɑːn, solˈtˤɑːn]) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic...
Sultan of Sultans is the literal English translation of the Ottoman Turkish imperial title Sulṭānü's-Selāṭīn. As with various other laudatory titles of...
Tipu Sultan (Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was the Indian Muslim...
Sultan Mosque or Masjid Sultan is a mosque located at Muscat Street and North Bridge Road within the Kampong Glam precinct of the district of Rochor in...
Haseki Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: خاصکى سلطان, Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān; Turkish pronunciation: [haseˈci suɫˈtaːn]) was the title used for the chief consort of an...
eleven occasions, the sultan was deposed (replaced by another sultan of the Ottoman dynasty, who were either the former sultan's brother, son or nephew)...
Sultan Bathery is a town and municipality in the Wayanad district of Kerala, India, near its borders with Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Once known as a strategic...
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental...
The Sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence...
is an absolute monarchy led by a sultan, with power passed down through the male line. Qaboos bin Said was the Sultan from 1970 until his death on 10 January...
Sultan Kudarat, officially the Province of Sultan Kudarat (Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Sultan Kudarat; Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Sultan Kudarat, Jawi: دايرت...
Cem Sultan (also spelled Djem or Jem) or Sultan Cem or Şehzade Cem (December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495, pronounced [ˈdʒem sulˈtaːn]; Ottoman Turkish:...
romanized: Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit. 'the Father of Conquest'; Turkish: Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446...
Hürrem Sultan (Turkish pronunciation: [hyɾˈɾæm suɫˈtan]; Ottoman Turkish: حرّم سلطان; "the joyful one"; c. 1504 – 15 April 1558), also known as Roxelana...
قانونى سلطان سليمان, romanized: Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his...
October 1955) is Sultan and Prime Minister of Oman. Haitham was born in Muscat and is a grandson of Sultan Taimur bin Feisal. Sultan Qaboos bin Said was...
Halime Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: حلیمه سلطان, "the gentle one" or "the patient one") was a consort of Sultan Mehmed III, and the mother of Sultan Mustafa...
Necla Hibetullah Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: نجله هبت الله سلطان, "feminine" and "gift of Allah"; also Necla Osmanoğlu, 16 May 1926 – 6 October 2006) was...
Valide Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: والده سلطان, lit. "Sultana mother") was the title held by the mother of a ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans...
Niv Sultan (Hebrew: ניב סולטן; born 16 September 1992) is an Israeli actress. She is known for starring in the Apple TV+ Israeli series Tehran. Sultan was...
Sultan Ahmed or Sultan Ahmet may refer to: Ahmed I of the Ottoman Empire Ahmed II of the Ottoman Empire Ahmed III of the Ottoman Empire Sultanahmet Meydanı...
ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III (Jawi: حسن البلقية; born 15 July 1946) is Sultan of Brunei since 1967 and the prime minister of Brunei since independence...
Nawab Begum Sajida Sultan Ali Khan Pataudi (4 August 1915 – 5 September 1995) was the daughter of the Nawab of Bhopal, Hamidullah Khan, and the wife and...
Nurbanu Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: نور بانو سلطان; "Queen of light", c. 1525/1527 – 7 December 1583) was Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the legal...
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