Sodium ions (Na+) are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants,[1] but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts[1] by animals, due to their use of it for generation of nerve impulses and for maintenance of electrolyte balance and fluid balance. In animals, sodium ions are necessary for the aforementioned functions and for heart activity and certain metabolic functions.[2] The health effects of salt reflect what happens when the body has too much or too little sodium.
Characteristic concentrations of sodium in model organisms are: 10 mM in E. coli, 30 mM in budding yeast, 10 mM in mammalian cell and 100 mM in blood plasma.[3]
Additionally, sodium ions are essential to several cellular processes. They are responsible for the co-transport of glucose in the sodium glucose symport, are used to help maintain membrane polarity with the help of the sodium potassium pump, and are paired with water to thin the mucus of the airway lumen when the active Cystic Fibrosis Transport Receptor moves chloride ions into the airway. [4]
^ ab
Furumoto, Tsuyoshi (24 Aug 2011). "A plastidial sodium-dependent pyruvate transporter". Nature. 476 (7361): 472–475. Bibcode:2011Natur.476..472F. doi:10.1038/nature10250. PMID 21866161. S2CID 205225645.
^
Pohl, Hanna R.; Wheeler, John S.; Murray, H. Edward (2013). "Chapter 2. Sodium and Potassium in Health and Disease". In Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel and Roland K. O. Sigel (ed.). Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 13. Springer. pp. 29–47. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_2. ISBN 978-94-007-7499-5. PMID 24470088.
^Milo, Ron; Philips, Rob. "Cell Biology by the Numbers: What are the concentrations of different ions in cells?". book.bionumbers.org. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Sodium ions (Na+) are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants, but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts by animals...
potential – Type of physical quantity Selenium inbiology – Use of Selenium by organisms Sodiuminbiology – Use of Sodium by organisms Pohl, Hanna R.; Wheeler...
reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature and...
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's membrane. They belong to the superfamily...
Sodium metabisulfite or sodium pyrosulfite (IUPAC spelling; Br. E. sodium metabisulphite or sodium pyrosulphite) is an inorganic compound of chemical formula...
radioactive tracer in imaging (see Isotopes of iodine > Radioiodines I-123, I-124, I-125, and I-131 in medicine and biology). Sodium iodide activated with...
Sodium triphosphate (STP), also sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tripolyphosphate (TPP),) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. It is the sodium...
Potassium inbiology – Use of Potassium by organisms Selenium yeast – Selenium-enriched yeast extract sold as animal fodder additive Sodiuminbiology – Use...
high salinity Salt tolerance of crops Sodiuminbiology – Use of Sodium by organisms Soil salinity – Salt content in the soil Soil salinity control – Controlling...
Sodium borohydride, also known as sodium tetrahydridoborate and sodium tetrahydroborate, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBH4 (sometimes written...
Halotolerance – Adaptation to high salinity Salinity in Australia Salt tolerance of crops Sodiuminbiology – Use of Sodium by organisms Water softening – Removing...
Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single,...
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaF. It is a colorless or white solid that is readily soluble in water. It is used in...
g/(100 mL) at 25 °C). It is used in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology. Sodium perchlorate can be used to block...
also known as sodium glutamate, is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in some foods including tomatoes and cheese in this glutamic...
Sodium formate, HCOONa, is the sodium salt of formic acid, HCOOH. It usually appears as a white deliquescent powder. For commercial use, sodium formate...
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na...
In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of...
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), sold under the brand name Nitropress among others, is a medication used to lower blood pressure. This may be done if the blood...
Inbiology, depolarization or hypopolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting...
respiration. As such, one niche use of sodium tungstate is in experimental biology—where it has been found that adding sodium tungstate to the drinking water...
redirect targets Salt tolerance of crops Sodiuminbiology – Use of Sodium by organisms Soil salinity – Salt content in the soil Soil salinity control – Controlling...
Inbiology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis; /hɒmioʊˈsteɪsɪs, -miə-/) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained...