Shiga toxins are a family of related toxins with two major groups, Stx1 and Stx2, expressed by genes considered to be part of the genome of lambdoid prophages.[1] The toxins are named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first described the bacterial origin of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae.[2]Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for similar or identical toxins produced by Escherichia coli.[3] The most common sources for Shiga toxin are the bacteria S. dysenteriae and some serotypes of Escherichia coli (STEC), which includes serotypes O157:H7, and O104:H4.[4][5]
^Friedman D; Court D (2001). "Bacteriophage lambda: alive and well and still doing its thing". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 4 (2): 201–7. doi:10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00189-2. PMID 11282477.
^Trofa, Andrew F.; Ueno-Olsen, Hannah; Oiwa, Ruiko; Yoshikawa, Masanosuke (1999-11-01). "Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: Discoverer of the Dysentery Bacillus". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 29 (5): 1303–1306. doi:10.1086/313437. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 10524979.
^Zhu Q; Li L; Guo Z; Yang R (June 2002). "Identification of Shiga-like toxin Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea by polymerase chain reaction". Chin. Med. J. 115 (6): 815–8. PMID 12123543.
^Beutin L (2006). "Emerging enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, causes and effects of the rise of a human pathogen". Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health. 53 (7): 299–305. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00968.x. PMID 16930272.
^Spears; et al. (2006). "A comparison of Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorragic E.coli pathogenesis". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 255 (2): 187–202. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00119.x. PMID 16448495.
Shigatoxins are a family of related toxins with two major groups, Stx1 and Stx2, expressed by genes considered to be part of the genome of lambdoid prophages...
coli (VTEC) are strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli that produce Shigatoxin (or verotoxin). Only a minority of the strains cause illness in humans...
genes Shigatoxins: encoded by lambdoid phages, mainly produced by lysogenic shiga-toxin producing strains of E. coli (STEC) Diphtheria toxins: encoded...
Under the categorize-by-A rule, it is a Ptx-family toxin. Shigatoxin, also known as Stx, is a toxin that is produced by the rod shaped Shigella dysenteriae...
1897, Shiga was credited with the discovery and identification of the Shigella dysenteriae microorganism which causes dysentery, and the Shigatoxin which...
was romaine in particular. There was one death. The disease agent was Shigatoxin-producing E. coli O157:H7. The most recent illness started on December...
strains produce the hemolytic Shigatoxin, similar to the verotoxin produced by enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Both Shigatoxin and verotoxin are associated...
protein synthesis. An example is Shigatoxin. Other toxins act at elongation factor-2. In the case of the diphtheria toxin, EF2 is ADP-ribosylated and becomes...
Washington State Department of Health said the culprit appeared to be a Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli bacterium, but they were still waiting the...
the gene encoding for the Shigatoxin from the Shigella bacteria to E. coli helped produce E. coli O157:H7, the Shigatoxin-producing strain of E. coli...
targets of Shigatoxin, which is responsible for pathogenicity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC).[citation needed] The bacterial Shigatoxin can be...
4-galactosyltransferase, P1/Pk synthase). Pk antigen is a receptor for Shigatoxins produced by Shigella dysenteriae and some strains of Escherichia coli...
A toxin is a naturally occurring organic[dubious – discuss] poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially...
O104:H4 strain which was lysogenized by a Shigatoxin encoding phage (typically associated with Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli, which often encode...
paralysis. The toxin causes the disease botulism. The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes. Botulinum toxin is an acetylcholine...
change-green colour). Tests for toxin production can use mammalian cells in tissue culture, which are rapidly killed by shigatoxin. Although sensitive and very...
"Sprouts: What You Should Know". Foodsafety.gov. Retrieved 23 January 2016. "Shigatoxin-producing E. coli (STEC): Update on outbreak in the EU (27 July 2011...
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological...
RY-sin) is a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) and a highly potent toxin produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. The median...
spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria...
improve the environment for further fungal proliferation. The production of toxins depends on the surrounding intrinsic and extrinsic environments and these...
surface of muscle cells and cause depolarisation → the toxin prevents muscle contraction. These toxins may cause the heart to beat irregularly or stop beating...
Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus...
mold. The estrogenic metabolite, zearalenone, is also referred to as F-2 toxin. Fumonisins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings...