Structure of tetanospasminMechanism of action of tetanospasmin
Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani[1] in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus. It has no known function for clostridia in the soil environment where they are normally encountered. It is also called spasmogenic toxin, tentoxilysin, tetanospasmin, or tetanus neurotoxin. The LD50 of this toxin has been measured to be approximately 2.5–3 ng/kg,[2][3] making it second only to the related botulinum toxin (LD50 2 ng/kg)[4] as the deadliest toxin in the world. However, these tests are conducted solely on mice, which may react to the toxin differently from humans and other animals.
C. tetani also produces the exotoxin tetanolysin, a hemolysin, that causes destruction of tissues.[5]
Tetanustoxin (TeNT) is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus...
Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the...
ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanustoxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and...
produce a potent toxin, tetanospasmin, which interferes with motor neurons, causing tetanus. The toxin's action can be prevented with tetanus toxoid vaccines...
regained. Tetanustoxin, also known as tetanospasmin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani and causes the disease state, tetanus. The LD50...
harmful toxins such as botulinum toxin and tetanustoxin among others. Most Clostridium species that do have toxins typically have binary toxins with the...
original toxin or increase the response to another antigen since the toxoid markers and toxin markers are preserved. For example, the tetanus toxoid is...
Tetanus vaccine, also known as tetanus toxoid (TT), is a toxoid vaccine used to prevent tetanus. During childhood, five doses are recommended, with a...
concentrations of undenatured ricin toxin. Ricin is several orders of magnitude less toxic than botulinum or tetanustoxin, but the latter are harder to come...
antitoxin. Botulinum toxins are AB toxins and closely related to Anthrax toxin, Diphtheria toxin, and in particular tetanustoxin. The two are collectively...
diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus (lockjaw). The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and either killed whole cells...
(outlined below). The toxins produced by certain members of the genus Clostridium are among the most dangerous known. Examples are tetanustoxin (known as tetanospasmin)...
for both diphtheria and tetanus. In particular, he developed a method for inactivating the diphtheria toxin and the tetanustoxin using formaldehyde which...
affect SNARE complexes. Such toxins as the botulinum and tetanustoxins work by targeting the SNARE components. These toxins prevent proper vesicle recycling...
synaptopathy. Some toxins also affect synaptic function. Tetanustoxin and botulinum toxin affect neurotransmitter release. Tetanustoxin can enter the body...
An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They...
most potent known exotoxins are the tetanustoxin (tetanospasmin) secreted by Clostridium tetani and the botulinum toxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum...
synaptic vesicles. The tetanustoxin damages vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP), a type of v-SNARE, while botulinum toxins damage t-SNARES and v-SNARES...
and secondary epileptic foci from hippocampus and neocortex in the tetanustoxin model of chronic epilepsy' at the University of London, Empson moved...
to treat tetanus, when serum from immunized horses was injected into patients with severe tetanus in an attempt to neutralize the tetanustoxin, and prevent...
axon and travel to the soma by retrograde transport. Examples include tetanustoxin and the herpes simplex, rabies, and polio viruses. In such infections...
developed "antitoxins" against both diphtheria and tetanus. They had injected diphtheria and tetanustoxins into guinea-pigs, goats and horses; when these...
Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The disease begins with weakness,...
given along with tetanus vaccine and pertussis vaccine, are recommended during childhood. Further doses of the diphtheria–tetanus vaccine are recommended...
glucuronic acid as a reaction partner for drugs, and the mode of action of tetanustoxin on the body. Meyer was born in Insterburg in the Province of Prussia...
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