Cyrillic script (Rusyn alphabets) Latin script (Slovakia)[11]
Official status
Official language in
Serbia (in Vojvodina)[12][13]
Recognised minority language in
Bosnia and Herzegovina[12] Croatia[12] Czech Republic[12] Hungary[12][14] Poland[12][15] Romania[12] Slovakia[12]
Language codes
ISO 639-3
rue
Glottolog
rusy1239
Linguasphere
53-AAA-ec < 53-AAA-e (varieties: 53-AAA-eca to 53-AAA-ecc)
Rusyn is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
[citation needed]
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Rusyn (/ˈruːsɪn/ROO-sin;[16] Carpathian Rusyn: русиньскый язык, romanized: rusîn'skyj jazyk; Pannonian Rusyn: руски язик, romanized: ruski jazik)[17][18] is an East Slavic language spoken by Rusyns in parts of Central and Eastern Europe, and written in the Cyrillic script.[19] The majority of speakers live in an area known as Carpathian Ruthenia that spans from Transcarpathia, westward into eastern Slovakia and south-east Poland.[20] There is also a sizeable Pannonian Rusyn linguistic island in Vojvodina, Serbia,[20] as well as a Rusyn diaspora throughout the world.[21][22] Per the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Rusyn is officially recognized as a protected minority language by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Poland (as Lemko), Serbia, and Slovakia.[12]
The categorization of Rusyn as a language or dialect is a source of controversy.[23] Czech, Slovak, and Hungarian, as well as American and some Polish and Serbian linguists treat it as a distinct language[24][needs update] (with its own ISO 639-3 code), whereas other scholars (in Ukraine, Poland, Serbia, and Romania) treat it as a dialect of Ukrainian.[25][needs update]
^Rusyn at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^"Number of population by mother tongue in the Slovak Republic at 1. 1. 2021". Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
^Republic of Serbia, Republic Statistical Office (24 December 2002). "Final results of the census 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
^"Home" (PDF). Central Statistical Office of Poland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
^State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. "About number and composition population of UKRAINE by data All-Ukrainian population census 2001 data". Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
^"Republic of Croatia – Central Bureau of Statistics". Crostat. Archived from the original on 27 May 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^"1.28 Population by mother tongue, nationality and sex, 1900–2001". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 2001. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
^"Obyvatelstvo podle věku, mateřského jazyka a pohlaví". Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
^Biggam, Carole P. (2022). A Cultural History of Color in the Medieval Age. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 124. ISBN 9781350193499.
^ abcPugh 2009, p. vii.
^Rusyn at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
^ abcdefghiCouncil of Europe 2021.
^"The Statue of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia". Skupstinavojvodine.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^"Implementation of the Charter in Hungary". Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
^"I Raport dla Sekretarza Rady Europy z realizacji przez Rzeczpospolitą Polską postanowień Europejskiej karty języków regionalnych lub mniejszościowych" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
^"Home : Oxford English Dictionary". www.oed.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
^http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2781/1/2011BaptieMPhil-1.pdf Archived 23 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine, p. 8.
^Plishkova 2009, p. 17, 37, 67.
^Pugh 2009, p. 7.
^ abPugh 2009, p. 3.
^Magocsi & Pop 2005, p. 267-281.
^Kushko 2007, p. 111-132.
^Moser 2016, p. 124-139.
^Bernard Comrie, "Slavic Languages," International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (1992, Oxford, Vol 3), pp. 452–456. Ethnologue, 16th edition
^George Y. Shevelov, "Ukrainian," The Slavonic Languages, ed. Bernard Comrie and Greville G. Corbett (1993, Routledge), pp. 947–998.
Rusyn: руски язик, romanized: ruski jazik) is an East Slavic language spoken by Rusyns in parts of Central and Eastern Europe, and written in the Cyrillic...
Rusyns (Rusyn: Русины, romanized: Rusynŷ), also known as Carpatho-Rusyns (Rusyn: Карпаторусины or Карпатьскы Русины, romanized: Karpatorusynŷ or Karpaťskŷ...
Pannonian Rusyn (руски язик, romanized: ruski jazik), also historically referred to as Yugoslav Rusyn, is a variety of the Slovak language, spoken by the...
choosing Rusyn, or migration. The spoken language of the Lemkos, which has a code of rue under ISO 639-3, has been variously described as a language in its...
subsequently developed into the modern Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Rusynlanguages. In the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian empires, the same term (German:...
branch of Rusyn (or Ukrainian) people Boykos, a branch of Rusyn (or Ukrainian) people Hutsuls, a branch of Rusyn (or Ukrainian) people Rusynlanguage, an East...
Pannonian Rusyns (Rusyn: Русини, romanized: Rusynŷ), also known as Pannonian Rusnaks (Rusyn: Руснаци, romanized: Rusnat͡sŷ), and formerly known as Yugoslav...
Church, the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church also derives its name from the Rusyn and Ruthenian Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe and their communion with...
Slavic languages; some linguists consider that there are even more East Slavic languages in total, e.g. West Polesian, or the most common claim, Rusyn. However...
Retrieved 1 April 2024. The third theory defines Pannonian Rusyn as a West Slavic language originating in the East Slovak Zemplín and Šariš dialects and...
language may refer to: Pannonian Romance language, a distinctive Romance language in Pannonia Pannonian Rusynlanguage, a linguistic variety of Rusyn...
Rusyn Americans (Rusyn: Русиньскы Америчаны, Ukrainian: Русинські Американці; known as Carpatho-Rusyn Americans) are citizens of the United States of...
Slovak (West Slavic) and Ukrainian (East Slavic) are bridged by the Rusynlanguage/dialect of Eastern Slovakia and Western Ukraine. Similarly, the Croatian...
Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (Rusyn: Руска Народна Република Лемків, romanized: Ruska Narodna Respublika Lemkiv, lit. 'Rusyn National Republic of Lemkos')...
the Belarusian and Russian alphabets, and after any consonant in most of Rusyn standards, where it represents the unrounded close-mid back unrounded vowel...
Russian, Rusyn, Slovene, Turkish, and Ukrainian. According to the 2011 Census, 95.6% of citizens declared Croatian as their native language, 1.2% declared...
pronounced [ˈtvʲɵrdɨj ˈznak], Rusyn: твердый знак, romanized: tverdyj znak) in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets (although in Rusyn, ъ could also be known...
World Congress of Rusyns (Rusyn: Світовый конґрес русинів / Svitovŷj kongres rusyniv) is the central event of the international Rusyn community. Its executive...
Carpathian Ruthenia (Rusyn: Карпатьска Русь, romanized: Karpat'ska Rus') is a historical region on the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly...
In other recognized languages of Czechoslovakia: German: Tschechoslowakei Hungarian: Csehszlovákia Polish: Czechosłowacja Rusyn: Чеськословеньско, Cheskoslovensko...
Ukrainian, and Rusyn as separate language categories, and the census results were substantially different from before. According to Rusyn-American historian...
valley. The Rusynlanguage is considered by Ukrainian linguists to be also a dialect of Ukrainian: Dolinian Rusyn or Subcarpathian Rusyn is spoken in...
Karpati in Serbo-Croatian, Carpați [karˈpat͡sʲ] in Romanian, Карпаты in Rusyn, Karpaten German pronunciation: [kaʁˈpaːtn̩] in German and Kárpátok in Hungarian...
of Russian and Ruthenian (ancestor of Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian) Ruthenian language, a language used in the 15th to 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy...
(Ukrainian: Язичіє, romanized: Yazychiie; Rusyn: Язычіє, romanized: Yazŷchiie) was an artificial literary East Slavic language used in the 19th century and the...
much of present-day Ukraine in the 19th and 20th centuries, the endonym Rusyn is now mostly used among a minority of peoples on the territory of the Carpathian...