Усходнеславянскія мовы (Belarusian) Восточнославянские языки (Russian) Східнослов'янські мови (Ukrainian)
Geographic distribution
Eurasia (Eastern Europe, Northern Asia, and the Caucasus)
Linguistic classification
Indo-European
Balto-Slavic
Slavic
East Slavic
Early forms
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Balto-Slavic
Proto-Slavic
Old East Slavic
Subdivisions
Belarusian
Podlachian
Russian
Rusyn
Ukrainian
West Polesian
ISO 639-5
zle
Glottolog
east1426
The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of the Slavic languages, distinct from the West and South Slavic languages. East Slavic languages are currently spoken natively throughout Eastern Europe, and eastwards to Siberia and the Russian Far East.[1] In part due to the large historical influence of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, the Russian language is also spoken as a lingua franca in many regions of Caucasus and Central Asia. Of the three Slavic branches, East Slavic is the most spoken, with the number of native speakers larger than the Western and Southern branches combined.
The common consensus is that Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian are the existent East Slavic languages;[2] some linguists consider that there are even more East Slavic languages in total, e.g. West Polesian, or the most common claim, Rusyn.[3][4] However, both of them are very often considered as dialects (West Polesian as a dialect of Belarusian and/or Ukrainian and Rusyn as a dialect of Ukrainian).[5]
The modern East Slavic languages descend from a common predecessor spoken in Kievan Rus' from the 9th to 13th centuries, which later evolved into Ruthenian, the chancery language of the Balto-Ruthenian Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Dnieper river valley, and into medieval Russian in the Volga river valley, the language of the Russian principalities including the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
All these languages use the Cyrillic script, but with particular modifications. Belarusian and Ukrainian, which are descendants of Ruthenian, have a tradition of using Latin-based alphabets—the Belarusian Łacinka and the Ukrainian Latynka alphabets, respectively (also Rusyn uses Latin in some regions, e.g. in Slovakia). The Latin alphabet is traditionally more common in Belarus, while the usage of the Cyrillic script in Russia and Ukraine could never be compared to any other alphabet.[6]
^"Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации". publication.pravo.gov.ru. Archived from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
^Sussex & Cubberley 2006, pp. 79–89.
^Pugh 2009, p. 7.
^Moser 2016, p. 124-139.
^"Dulichenko, Aleksandr The language of Carpathian Rus': Genetic Aspects" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
^Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (1 September 2003). The Slavonic Languages. Taylor & Francis. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-203-21320-9. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017. ...following Vuk's reform of Cyrillic in the early nineteenth century, Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s performed the same operation on Latinica, using the Czech system and producing a one-to-one symbol correlation between Cyrillic and Latinica as applied to the Serbian and Croatian parallel systems
and 23 Related for: East Slavic languages information
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questions on its relation to modern EastSlaviclanguages, and its relation to Old EastSlavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through...
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Ukrainian language (українська мова, ukrainska mova, IPA: [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɐ ˈmɔʋɐ]) is an EastSlaviclanguage of the Indo-European language family spoken...
four living EastSlaviclanguages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slaviclanguages. It was the de facto and de jure official language of the former...
in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Europe. Together with the Slaviclanguages, they form the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European...
development of EastSlaviclanguages, and especially of Russian language, which preserved embedded in themselves ideas and terminology of ancient Slavic religion...
monuments of Slavic languages, among them the first texts written in national languages. At this time the majority of Slaviclanguages received their first...
Slavonic and East European Languages, the title changed to Bulletin of the American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages in 1947....
Armenia, and Georgia. Eastern Slavic parents select a given name for a newborn child. Most first names in EastSlaviclanguages originate from two sources:...
vocalization) occurred in parallel in the EastSlaviclanguages. The change acted on syllables in which the Proto-Slavic liquid consonants *r and *l occurred...
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