Not to be confused with the Eastern Catholic body, the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church.
Ruthenians
A boy with the pilgrimage flag with the Ruthenian lion during the Ruthenian pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1906
Languages
Previously Ruthenian;
currently Belarusian, Ukrainian, Rusyn and the official church language Old Church Slavonic
Religion
Predominantly Eastern OrthodoxRuthenian Greek Catholic, Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Russian Greek Catholic Church among other Byzantine rites originally from Slavic origins.
Related ethnic groups
Other East Slavs
Ruthenian and Ruthene are exonyms of Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Latin term Rutheni was used in medieval sources to describe all Eastern Slavs of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as an exonym for people of the former Kievan Rus', thus including ancestors of the modern Belarusians, Rusyns and Ukrainians.[1][2] The use of Ruthenian and related exonyms continued through the early modern period, developing several distinctive meanings, both in terms of their regional scopes and additional religious connotations (such as affiliation with the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church).[1][3][4][5][6]
In medieval sources, the Latin term Rutheni was commonly applied to East Slavs in general, thus encompassing all endonyms and their various forms (Belarusian: русіны, romanized: rusiny; Ukrainian: русини, romanized: rusyny). By opting for the use of exonymic terms, authors who wrote in Latin were relieved from the need to be specific in their applications of those terms, and the same quality of Ruthenian exonyms is often recognized in modern, mainly Western authors, particularly those who prefer to use exonyms (foreign in origin) over endonyms.[7][8][9]
During the early modern period, the exonym Ruthenian was most frequently applied to the East Slavic population of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, an area encompassing territories of modern Belarus and Ukraine from the 15th up to the 18th centuries.[10][11] In the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the same term (German: Ruthenen) was employed up to 1918 as an official exonym for the entire Ukrainian population within the borders of the Monarchy.[12][13]
^ abPaul Robert Magocsi. "Rusyn". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
^РУСИНЫ [Rusyns]. Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия (in Russian). [Great Russian Encyclopedia - electronic version]. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
^Shipman 1912a, p. 276-277.
^Shipman 1912b, p. 277-279.
^Krajcar 1963, p. 79-94.
^Rohdewald, Stefan; Frick, David A.; Wiederkehr, Stefan (2007). Litauen und Ruthenien: Studien zu einer transkulturellen Kommunikationsregion (15.–18. Jahrhundert) [Lithuania and Ruthenia: studies of a transcultural communication zone (15th–18th centuries)] (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 22. ISBN 978-3-447-05605-2. OCLC 173071153.
^Himka, John-Paul. "Ruthenians". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
^Himka 1999, p. 8-9.
^Magocsi 2015, p. 2-5.
^Bunčić 2015, p. 276-289.
^Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1529), Part. 1., Art. 1.: "На первей преречоным прелатом, княжатом, паном, хоруговым, шляхтам и местом преречоных земель Великого князства Литовского, Руского, Жомойтского и иных дали есмо: ..."; According to.: Pervyi ili Staryi Litovskii Statut // Vremennik Obschestva istorii i drevnostei Rossiiskih. 1854. Book 18, p. 2.
^Moser 2017–2018, p. 87-104.
^"Magyarország népessége". mek.oszk.hu. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
between Ruthenians and Muscovites. Ruthenians of different regions in 1836: 1, 2. Galician Ruthenians; 3. Carpathian Ruthenians; 4, 5. Podolian Ruthenians. After...
referred to (in historical context) as White Ruthenians Rusyns, sometimes referred to as Carpatho-Ruthenians Pannonian Rusyns Ukrainians, sometimes referred...
Ruthenian (рускаꙗ мова, рускїй ѧзыкъ; see also other names) is an exonymic linguonym for a closely related group of East Slavic linguistic varieties,...
Carpatho-Ruthenian (disambiguation) Carpatho-Ruthenians (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ruthenian Americans...
Supreme Ruthenian Council were disassociating themselves from the event and in the newspaper "Zoria Halytska" printed "it was not Ruthenians who have...
(1912a). "Ruthenian Rite". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company. pp. 276–277. Shipman, Andrew J. (1912b). "Ruthenians". The...
Ruthenian Church may refer to: Ruthenian Catholic Church (historical), that existed from the 15th to the 18th century Ruthenian Byzantine Catholic Church...
Turks and Crimean Tatars) and to themselves and their language as Ruthenians/Ruthenian.[need quotation to verify] With the publication of Ivan Kotliarevsky's...
Modern Ruthenian languages: Rusyn language, or Carpatho-Ruthenian, spoken in Carpathian Ruthenia Pannonian Rusyn language, or Pannonian-Ruthenian, spoken...
or Карпатьскы Русины, romanized: Karpatorusynŷ or Karpaťskŷ Rusynŷ), Ruthenians, or Rusnaks (Rusyn: Руснакы or Руснаци, romanized: Rusnakŷ or Rusnacy)...
South Ruthenian or Southern Ruthenian may refer to: something or someone related to southern regions of Ruthenia (those regions are now belonging to the...
Carpatho-Ruthenians, a group of East Slavic highlanders. While Galician Ruthenians considered themselves Ukrainians, the Carpatho-Ruthenians were the...
Ruthenian sobor, or Ruthenian Congress (Ukrainian: Руський cобор) was a Polonophile Political Committee, based in Lviv and created on May 23, 1848 by...
limited to baptism and church burial. Poles regarded Ruthenians as a conquered people. As such, Ruthenians became a second class people in society, their culture...
own. The group believed in a unified Ukrainian identity. They said the Ruthenians of Galicia, Bukovyna, and Transcarpathia were one people. They had their...
Ruthenia (disambiguation) Ruthenian (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title White Ruthenians. If an internal link...
Old Ruthenian language may refer to: Old East Slavic, a language used in the 10th to 14th centuries by East Slavs in Kyivan Rus', ancestor of Russian...
The Cultural Union of Ruthenians of Romania (Romanian: Uniunea Culturală a Rutenilor din România, UCRR; Rusyn: Културне Товариство Русинів Романії, romanized: Kultulrne...
"Белоруссия"). Before, they were typically known as White Russians or White Ruthenians (from White Russia or White Ruthenia, based on "Белая Русь"). Upon Belarusian...
History of Ruthenians or Little Russia (Russian: Исторія Русовъ, или Малой Россіи, romanized: Istoriya Rusov, ili Maloy Rossii) also known as History of...
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the non-Polish ethnic groups, especially the Ruthenians and Lithuanians, found themselves under the strong influence of Polish...
Ruthenian Catholic Church may refer to: Ruthenian Uniate Church, a historical Eastern Catholic church during the early modern period Belarusian Greek...
princes of Kingdom of Ruthenia and Kiev called themselves "People of Rus" – Ruthenians, and Galicia–Volhynia was called the Kingdom of Ruthenia. Also according...
The Ruthenian lion (Ukrainian: Руський лев, romanized: Ruskyi lev, Polish: Lew ruski), Ukrainian lion, or Galician lion is a golden lion on an azure background...
Vienna began once again. Meanwhile, the Ruthenians felt more and more abandoned by Vienna and among the Old Ruthenians grouped around the Greek Catholic Cathedral...
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