Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system information
The respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system is a layered defense mechanism which relies on components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems to protect the lungs and the rest of the respiratory tract against inhaled microorganisms.
In the first line of defense, inhaled bacteria are trapped by mucus and are swept toward the pharynx and are swallowed.[1] Bacteria which penetrate the mucous layer are dealt with a second line of defense which includes antimicrobial peptides that are secreted by the surface epithelium of the respiratory tract which kill many strains of bacteria.[2] Those bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial peptides are killed by a variety of reactive oxygen species produced by phagocytes. In a third line of defense and as a last resort, persistent bacterial infections which escape the innate immune system are eliminated by the adaptive immune system.
^Boucher RC (January 2003). "Regulation of airway surface liquid volume by human airway epithelia". Pflügers Arch. 445 (4): 495–8. doi:10.1007/s00424-002-0955-1. PMID 12548395. S2CID 2831774.
^Ganz T (March 2002). "Antimicrobial polypeptides in host defense of the respiratory tract". J. Clin. Invest. 109 (6): 693–7. doi:10.1172/JCI15218. PMC 150915. PMID 11901174.
and 28 Related for: Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system information
The respiratorytractantimicrobialdefensesystem is a layered defense mechanism which relies on components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems...
level of consciousness and impaired airway defenses (gag reflex and respiratorytractantimicrobialdefensesystem). The lumen of the right main bronchus...
challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It investigates the effectiveness of shorter versus longer antibiotic regimens for respiratorytract infections...
barriers also protect against infection. The skin and respiratorytract secrete antimicrobial peptides such as the β-defensins. Enzymes such as lysozyme...
which has potential applications in nanotechnology. Respiratorytractantimicrobialdefensesystem GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000012223 – Ensembl...
unsuitable for the survival of microbes. In the gastrointestinal and respiratorytract, movement due to peristalsis or cilia, respectively, helps remove...
+ H2O Hypothiocyanite occurs naturally in the antimicrobial immune system of the human respiratorytract in a redox reaction catalyzed by the enzyme lactoperoxidase...
of a typical respiratorysystem is the respiratorytract. The tract is divided into an upper and a lower respiratorytract. The upper tract includes the...
continuously in the respiratorytract. Mucociliary action carries it down from the nasal passages and up from the rest of the tract to the pharynx, with...
oxidases/peroxidases, Duox1 and Duox2, by Th1 and Th2 cytokines in respiratorytract epithelium". FEBS Lett. 579 (21): 4911–7. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005...
typically colonizing the respiratorytract, sinuses, and nasal cavity. However, in susceptible individuals with weaker immune systems, such as the elderly...
major component in all mucosal organs, including the respiratory, genital, digestive, and ocular tracts. Regulated migrations of immune cells are known to...
Meningitis due to anaerobic bacteria is infrequent and may follow respiratorytract infection or complicate a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Neurological...
an antimicrobial activity of the SPC13 peptide isolated from its venom. After purification by electroelution, this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity...
The lungs are the central organs of the respiratorysystem in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals...
member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratorytract and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction...
cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratorytract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans...
disease, which eventually leads to respiratory failure.: RespiratoryTract This typically begins as a prolonged respiratory infection that continues until...
study of immune system responses that occur at mucosal membranes of the intestines, the urogenital tract, and the respiratorysystem. The mucous membranes...
Eman (September 2016). "Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratorytract infections and diarrhea in children". Medicine. 95 (37): e4560. doi:10...
surfaces Respiratorytractantimicrobialdefensesystem - Respiratorytract Neuroimmunology - Neuroimmune system in the Central nervous system Ocularimmunology...
lungs, brain, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal organs. Risk factors include being very young or old, a weakened immune system from conditions such as...
Piters; Debby Bogaert (2017). "The microbiota of the respiratorytract: gatekeeper to respiratory health". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 15 (5) (published...
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial...
treatment of some Mycoplasma species in poultry, Lawsonia in pigs, respiratorytract infections in cattle and in some circumstances, lameness in sheep...
Global Information