Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science, metallurgy and engineering. The definition of which elements belong to this group differs. The most common definition includes five elements: two of the fifth period (niobium and molybdenum) and three of the sixth period (tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium). They all share some properties, including a melting point above 2000 °C and high hardness at room temperature. They are chemically inert and have a relatively high density. Their high melting points make powder metallurgy the method of choice for fabricating components from these metals. Some of their applications include tools to work metals at high temperatures, wire filaments, casting molds, and chemical reaction vessels in corrosive environments. Partly due to the high melting point, refractory metals are stable against creep deformation to very high temperatures.
^"International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials". Elsevier. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
Refractorymetals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials...
distinguished from the refractorymetals, which are elemental metals and their alloys that have high melting temperatures. Refractories are defined by ASTM...
and non-ferrous metals; brittle metals and refractorymetals; white metals; heavy and light metals; and base, noble, and precious metals. The Metallic elements...
ductile, lustrous, blue-gray transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractorymetals group, which are widely used as components...
(although +4 is more stable). All the group 4 elements are hard, refractorymetals. Their inherent reactivity is completely masked due to the formation...
Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. The criteria used, and whether metalloids...
The coinage metals comprise those metallic chemical elements and alloys which have been used to mint coins. Historically, most coinage metals are from the...
nonmetals resemble metals in certain of their properties, and some metals approximate in some ways to the non-metals. Examples of metal-like properties occurring...
Light metalsMetals and metalloids with a density < 5 g/cm3 A light metal is any metal of relatively low density. More specific definitions have been proposed;...
Alfred (2006). "Niobium as mint metal: Production–properties–processing". International Journal of RefractoryMetals and Hard Materials. 24 (4): 275–282...
Diffusion bonding may be performed with similar and dissimilar metals, reactive and refractorymetals, or pieces of varying thicknesses. Due to its relatively...
as a refractorymetal, but this is not the case. It is paramagnetic and has fairly low electrical and thermal conductivity compared to other metals. Titanium...
temperatures of some refractorymetals have thus been measured by observing the radiation from a black body cavity in solid metal specimens that were much...
and zone refining used in the semiconductor industry, and to melt refractorymetals that require very high temperatures. It is also used in induction...
occur naturally and share similar properties; all three are hard refractorymetals under standard conditions. The fourth element, dubnium, has been synthesized...
temperature refractory applications, like blast furnaces, cement kilns, molds for the firing of bricks and as foundry sands for the casting of metals. In these...
from shaping soft, native metals like gold with simple hand tools, through the smelting of ores and hot forging of harder metals like iron, up to and including...
down and oxidize. This problem is typically dealt with by the use of refractorymetals, which resist environmental conditions. If steel is not properly deoxidized...
with exotic and refractorymetals. The term exotic metals is a general term describing out of the ordinary, rare or special purpose metals. A synonym might...
Plansee Group supplies metal powder, semi-finished products or ready-to-install components made from refractory and hard metals. Since resources are scarce...
the alkaline earth metals; and europium and ytterbium of the rare earth metals. Partial exceptions include the refractorymetals chromium, molybdenum...
drawing, or extruding but it is more commonly formed by sintering. Of all metals in pure form, tungsten has the highest melting point (3,422 °C, 6,192 °F)...
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