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Tantalum information


Tantalum, 73Ta
Tantalum
Pronunciation/ˈtæntələm/ ​(TAN-təl-əm)
Appearancegray blue
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ta)
  • 180.94788±0.00002[1]
  • 180.95±0.01 (abridged)[2]
Tantalum in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Nb
↑
Ta
↓
Db
hafnium ← tantalum → tungsten
Atomic number (Z)73
Groupgroup 5
Periodperiod 6
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point3290 K ​(3017 °C, ​5463 °F)
Boiling point5731 K ​(5458 °C, ​9856 °F)
Density (at 20° C)16.678 g/cm3 [3]
when liquid (at m.p.)15 g/cm3
Heat of fusion36.57 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization753 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.36 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 3297 3597 3957 4395 4939 5634
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.5
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 761 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1500 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius170±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of tantalum
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc)[3] (cI2)
Lattice constant
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for tantalum
a = 330.29 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion6.3 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity57.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity131 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+154.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[5]
Young's modulus186 GPa
Shear modulus69 GPa
Bulk modulus200 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod3400 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.34
Mohs hardness6.5
Vickers hardness870–1200 MPa
Brinell hardness440–3430 MPa
CAS Number7440-25-7
History
DiscoveryAnders Gustaf Ekeberg (1802)
Recognized as a distinct element byHeinrich Rose (1844)
Isotopes of tantalum
  • v
  • e
Main isotopes[6] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
177Ta synth 56.56 h β+ 177Hf
178Ta synth 2.36 h β+ 178Hf
179Ta synth 1.82 y ε 179Hf
180Ta synth 8.125 h ε 180Hf
β− 180W
180mTa 0.0120% stable
181Ta 99.988%
Preview warning: Infobox Ta isotopes: Abundance percentage not recognised "na=99.988%" cat#%
 stable
182Ta synth 114.43 d β− 182W
183Ta synth 5.1 d β− 183W
Tantalum Category: Tantalum
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Tantalum is a chemical element; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, it is named after Tantalus, a figure in Greek mythology.[7] Tantalum is a very hard, ductile, lustrous, blue-gray transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as components of strong high-melting-point alloys. It is a group 5 element, along with vanadium and niobium, and it always occurs in geologic sources together with the chemically similar niobium, mainly in the mineral groups tantalite, columbite and coltan.

The chemical inertness and very high melting point of tantalum make it valuable for laboratory and industrial equipment such as reaction vessels and vacuum furnaces. It is used in tantalum capacitors for electronic equipment such as computers. It is being investigated for use as a material for high-quality superconducting resonators in quantum processors.[8][9] Tantalum is considered a technology-critical element by the European Commission.[10]

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tantalum". CIAAW. 2005.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ a b c Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  4. ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  5. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  6. ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  7. ^ Euripides, Orestes
  8. ^ McLellan, R.A. (2023). "Chemical profiles of the oxides on tantalum in state of the art superconducting circuits". Advanced Science. 10 (21): e2300921. arXiv:2301.04567. doi:10.1002/advs.202300921. PMC 10375100. PMID 37166044.
  9. ^ Crowley, Kevin D.; McLellan, Russell A.; Dutta, Aveek; Shumiya, Nana; Place, Alexander P. M.; Le, Xuan Hoang; Gang, Youqi; Madhavan, Trisha; Bland, Matthew P.; Chang, Ray; Khedkar, Nishaad; Feng, Yiming Cady; Umbarkar, Esha A.; Gui, Xin; Rodgers, Lila V. H.; Jia, Yichen; Feldman, Mayer M.; Lyon, Stephen A.; Liu, Mingzhao; Cava, Robert J.; Houck, Andrew A.; de Leon, Nathalie P. (2023-10-06). "Disentangling Losses in Tantalum Superconducting Circuits". Physical Review X. 13 (4): 041005. arXiv:2301.07848. Bibcode:2023PhRvX..13d1005C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.13.041005.
  10. ^ "European Commission (2010). Critical Raw Materials for the EU. Report of the Ad-hoc Working Group on Defining Critical Raw Materials". European Commission. Apr 29, 2015.

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Tantalum

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Tantalum is a chemical element; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, it is named after Tantalus, a figure in Greek mythology...

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tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits. It consists of a pellet of porous tantalum metal...

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Coltan

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and tantalum are extracted. The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite (after niobium's original American name columbium), and the tantalum-dominant...

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families of electrolytic capacitor: aluminium electrolytic capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors, and niobium electrolytic capacitors. The large...

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Natural tantalum (73Ta) consists of two stable isotopes: 181Ta (99.988%) and 180m Ta (0.012%). There are also 35 known artificial radioisotopes, the longest-lived...

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Tantalum pentoxide, also known as tantalum(V) oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula Ta 2O 5. It is a white solid that is insoluble in all solvents...

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Tantalum carbides (TaC) form a family of binary chemical compounds of tantalum and carbon with the empirical formula TaCx, where x usually varies between...

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Niobium

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element similar to tantalum in 1801 and named it columbium. In 1809, English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and columbium were...

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Group 5 element

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elements in the periodic table. Group 5 contains vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) and dubnium (Db). This group lies in the d-block of the periodic table...

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Dubnium

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6d series of transition metals, placing it under vanadium, niobium, and tantalum. Dubnium should share most properties, such as its valence electron configuration...

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Tantalum arsenide is a compound of tantalum and arsenic with the formula TaAs. It is notable as being the first topological Weyl semimetal that was identified...

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Tantalum telluride

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Tantalum telluride (TaTe2) is a chemical compound of tantalum and tellurium. Tantalum also forms a tantalum rich telluride with the approximate formula...

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conductive polymer electrolyte. There are four different types: Polymer tantalum electrolytic capacitor (Polymer Ta-e-cap) Polymer aluminium electrolytic...

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Talison Minerals

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venture between Tianqi Lithium and Albemarle Corporation) and Talison Tantalum, now known as Global Advanced Metals, in 2009. The two largest mining operations...

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Tantalum hafnium carbide

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Tantalum hafnium carbide is a refractory chemical compound with a general formula TaxHfyCx+y, which can be considered as a solid solution of tantalum...

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Refractory metals

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the fifth period (niobium and molybdenum) and three of the sixth period (tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium). They all share some properties, including a melting...

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Niobium capacitor

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of niobium relative to tantalum. Niobium is a sister metal to tantalum. Niobium has a similar melting point (2744 °C) to tantalum and exhibits similar chemical...

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Applications of capacitors

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of filter capacitors, making size an important factor. Solid tantalum and wet tantalum capacitors offer some of the best CV (capacitance/voltage) performance...

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nuclides beta decay – tantalum-180m electron capture – tellurium-123, tantalum-180m double electron capture isomeric transition – tantalum-180m These include...

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four main end products of mining in the eastern DRC are tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold, which are extracted and passed through a variety of intermediaries...

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Tantalum boride

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