Global Information Lookup Global Information

Tungsten information


Tungsten, 74W
Tungsten
Pronunciation/ˈtʌŋstən/ (TUNG-stən)
Alternative nameWolfram, pronounced: /ˈwʊlfrəm/ (WUUL-frəm)
Allotropesα-tungsten (common), β-tungsten
AppearanceGrayish white, lustrous
Standard atomic weight Ar°(W)
  • 183.84±0.01[1]
  • 183.84±0.01 (abridged)[2]
Tungsten in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Mo

W

Sg
tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
Atomic number (Z)74
Groupgroup 6
Periodperiod 6
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[3]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
Boiling point6203 K ​(5930 °C, ​10706 °F)
Density (at 20° C)19.254 g/cm3[4]
when liquid (at m.p.)17.6 g/cm3
Heat of fusion52.31 kJ/mol[5][6]
Heat of vaporization774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.27 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 3477 3773 4137 4579 5127 5823
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.36
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 770 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius162±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of tungsten
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2)
Lattice constant
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for tungsten
a = 316.52 pm (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal expansion4.42×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal conductivity173 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity52.8 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[7]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+59.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[8]
Young's modulus411 GPa
Shear modulus161 GPa
Bulk modulus310 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Poisson ratio0.28
Mohs hardness7.5
Vickers hardness3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number7440-33-7
History
Discovery and first isolationJuan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar[9] (1783)
Named byTorbern Bergman (1781)
Symbol"W": from Wolfram, originally from Middle High German wolf-rahm 'wolf's foam' describing the mineral wolframite[10]
Isotopes of tungsten
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
180W 0.120% 1.8×1018 y α 176Hf
181W synth 121.2 d ε 181Ta
182W 26.5% stable
183W 14.3% stable
184W 30.6% stable
185W synth 75.1 d β 185Re
186W 28.4% stable
188W synth 69.78 d β 188Re
Tungsten Category: Tungsten
| references

Tungsten (also called wolfram)[11][12] is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively as compounds with other elements. It was identified as a new element in 1781 and first isolated as a metal in 1783. Its important ores include scheelite and wolframite, the latter lending the element its alternative name.

The free element is remarkable for its robustness, especially the fact that it has the highest melting point of all known elements, melting at 3,422 °C (6,192 °F; 3,695 K). It also has the highest boiling point, at 5,930 °C (10,706 °F; 6,203 K).[13] Its density is 19.254 g/cm3,[4] comparable with that of uranium and gold, and much higher (about 1.7 times) than that of lead.[14] Polycrystalline tungsten is an intrinsically brittle[15][16][17] and hard material (under standard conditions, when uncombined), making it difficult to work into metal. However, pure single-crystalline tungsten is more ductile and can be cut with a hard-steel hacksaw.[18]

Tungsten occurs in many alloys, which have numerous applications, including incandescent light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes, electrodes in gas tungsten arc welding, superalloys, and radiation shielding. Tungsten's hardness and high density make it suitable for military applications in penetrating projectiles. Tungsten compounds are often used as industrial catalysts.

Tungsten is the only metal in the third transition series that is known to occur in biomolecules, being found in a few species of bacteria and archaea. However, tungsten interferes with molybdenum and copper metabolism and is somewhat toxic to most forms of animal life.[19][20]

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tungsten". CIAAW. 1991.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
  4. ^ a b c d Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  5. ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 6-134. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
  6. ^ Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42–57. arXiv:1703.06302. Bibcode:2017arXiv170306302T. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002. S2CID 99610871.
  7. ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-03.
  8. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
  9. ^ "Tungsten". Royal Society of Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  10. ^ van der Krogt, Peter. "Wolframium Wolfram Tungsten". Elementymology& Elements Multidict. Archived from the original on 2010-01-23. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
  11. ^ "wolfram" on Merriam-Webster.
  12. ^ "wolfram" on Oxford Dictionaries.
  13. ^ Zhang Y; Evans JRG and Zhang S (January 2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 56 (2): 328–337. doi:10.1021/je1011086.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Daintith, John (2005). Facts on File Dictionary of Chemistry (4th ed.). New York: Checkmark Books. ISBN 978-0-8160-5649-1.
  15. ^ Lassner, Erik; Schubert, Wolf-Dieter (1999). "low temperature brittleness". Tungsten: properties, chemistry, technology of the element, alloys, and chemical compounds. Springer. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-306-45053-2.
  16. ^ Prakash, C.; Lee, H.; Alucozai, M.; Tomar, V. (2016). "An analysis of the influence of grain boundary strength on microstructure dependent fracture in polycrystalline tungsten". International Journal of Fracture. 199: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s10704-016-0083-0. S2CID 137928096.
  17. ^ Gludovatz, B.; Wurster, S.; Weingärtner, T.; Hoffmann, A.; Pippan, R. (2011). "Influence of impurities on the fracture behavior of tungsten". Philosophical Magazine (Submitted manuscript). 91 (22): 3006–3020. Bibcode:2011PMag...91.3006G. doi:10.1080/14786435.2011.558861. S2CID 137145004.
  18. ^ Stwertka, Albert (2002). A Guide to the elements (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515026-1.
  19. ^ McMaster, J. & Enemark, John H. (1998). "The active sites of molybdenum- and tungsten-containing enzymes". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 2 (2): 201–207. doi:10.1016/S1367-5931(98)80061-6. PMID 9667924.
  20. ^ Hille, Russ (2002). "Molybdenum and tungsten in biology". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 27 (7): 360–367. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(02)02107-2. PMID 12114025.

and 26 Related for: Tungsten information

Request time (Page generated in 0.5888 seconds.)

Tungsten

Last Update:

Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively...

Word Count : 8830

Incandescent light bulb

Last Update:

leaks, the hot tungsten filament reacts with air, yielding an aerosol of brown tungsten nitride, brown tungsten dioxide, violet-blue tungsten pentoxide, and...

Word Count : 11936

Tungsten carbide

Last Update:

Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most...

Word Count : 3576

Palm Tungsten

Last Update:

The Tungsten series was Palm, Inc.'s line of business-class Palm OS-based PDAs. The Tungsten series was introduced in October 2002, created as a "prosumer"...

Word Count : 3395

Gas tungsten arc welding

Last Update:

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW, also known as tungsten inert gas welding or TIG, and heliarc welding when helium is used) is an arc welding process that...

Word Count : 5557

Tungsten steel

Last Update:

Tungsten steel is any steel that has tungsten as its alloying element with characteristics derived mostly from the presence of this element (as opposed...

Word Count : 171

Tungsten oxide

Last Update:

Tungsten has several oxidation states, and therefore oxides: Tungsten(III) oxide Tungsten(IV) oxide, also known as tungsten dioxide Tungsten(VI) oxide...

Word Count : 63

Halogen lamp

Last Update:

halogen lamp (also called tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, and quartz iodine lamp) is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed in a compact...

Word Count : 3512

Uncle Tungsten

Last Update:

Uncle Tungsten because he was secretary of a business named Tungstalite, which made incandescent lightbulbs with a tungsten filament. Uncle Tungsten was...

Word Count : 228

Isotopes of tungsten

Last Update:

Naturally occurring tungsten (74W) consists of five isotopes. Four are considered stable (182W, 183W, 184W, and 186W) and one is slightly radioactive,...

Word Count : 804

Tungsten Network

Last Update:

Tungsten Network is a global electronic invoicing firm that provides supply chain financing services from international offices in the United Kingdom,...

Word Count : 1077

Tungsten trioxide

Last Update:

Tungsten(VI) oxide, also known as tungsten trioxide is a chemical compound of oxygen and the transition metal tungsten, with formula WO3. The compound...

Word Count : 1187

Tungsten film

Last Update:

Tungsten film is photographic film designed to accurately represent colors as perceived by humans under tungsten light; the more usual color films are...

Word Count : 301

Tungsten Automation

Last Update:

Tungsten Automation, formerly Kofax Inc., is an Irvine, California-based intelligent automation software provider. Founded in 1985, the company's software...

Word Count : 1672

Tungsten hexabromide

Last Update:

Tungsten hexabromide, also known as tungsten(VI) bromide, is a chemical compound of tungsten and bromine with the formula WBr6. It is an air-sensitive...

Word Count : 441

Tungsten ore

Last Update:

Tungsten ore is a rock from which the element tungsten can be economically extracted. The ore minerals of tungsten include wolframite, scheelite, and ferberite...

Word Count : 73

Tungsten diarsenide

Last Update:

Tungsten diarsenide is an arsenide of tungsten with the chemical formula WAs2. Other tungsten arsenides include tungsten triarsenide (WAs3) and ditungsten...

Word Count : 209

Tungsten hexafluoride

Last Update:

Tungsten(VI) fluoride, also known as tungsten hexafluoride, is an inorganic compound with the formula WF6. It is a toxic, corrosive, colorless gas, with...

Word Count : 1594

Britt Daniel

Last Update:

formed Spoon. Spoon has served as Daniel's primary musical focus. Drake Tungsten was the pseudonym which Daniel performed under from 1994 to 1996 as a solo...

Word Count : 1156

Tungsten disulfide

Last Update:

Tungsten disulfide is an inorganic chemical compound composed of tungsten and sulfur with the chemical formula WS2. This compound is part of the group...

Word Count : 1853

Tungsten fluoride

Last Update:

Tungsten fluoride may refer to: Tungsten tetrafluoride (tungsten(IV) fluoride) Tungsten pentafluoride (tungsten(V) fluoride) Tungsten hexafluoride (tungsten(VI)...

Word Count : 54

Korea Tungsten Company FC

Last Update:

founded in 1956, by the Korea Tungsten Company. Korea Tungsten Company is rated as predecessor of POSCO, and Daehan Tungsten FC is predecessor of POSCO Atoms...

Word Count : 121

Tungsten hexacarbonyl

Last Update:

Tungsten hexacarbonyl (also called tungsten carbonyl) is an organometallic compound with the formula W(CO)6. This complex gave rise to the first example...

Word Count : 589

Cemented carbide

Last Update:

commonly use tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC), or tantalum carbide (TaC) as the aggregate. Mentions of "carbide" or "tungsten carbide" in...

Word Count : 2069

Kinetic bombardment

Last Update:

Typical depictions of the tactic are of a satellite containing a magazine of tungsten rods and a directional thrust system. When a strike is ordered, the launch...

Word Count : 2420

Ferrotungsten

Last Update:

is a ferroalloy, consisting of iron and tungsten. The metal usually consists of 75%-82% or 70%-75% tungsten. Because of its high melting point, ferrotungsten...

Word Count : 169

PDF Search Engine © AllGlobal.net