Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), also known as dinoprostone, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin with oxytocic properties that is used as a medication.[2][3][4] Dinoprostone is used in labor induction, bleeding after delivery, termination of pregnancy, and in newborn babies to keep the ductus arteriosus open.[2][5] In babies it is used in those with congenital heart defects until surgery can be carried out.[5] It is also used to manage gestational trophoblastic disease.[4] It may be used within the vagina or by injection into a vein.[2][6]
PGE2 synthesis within the body begins with the activation of arachidonic acid (AA) by the enzyme phospholipase A2. Once activated, AA is oxygenated by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to form prostaglandin endoperoxides. Specifically, prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) is modified by the peroxidase moiety of the COX enzyme to produce prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) which is then converted to PGE2.[7][8]
Common side effects of PGE2 include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and excessive uterine contraction.[2] In babies there may be decreased breathing and low blood pressure.[5] Caution should be taken in people with asthma or glaucoma and it is not recommended in those who have had a prior C-section.[9] It works by binding and activating the prostaglandin E2 receptor which results in the opening and softening of the cervix and dilation of blood vessels.[2][5]
Prostaglandin E2 was first synthesized in 1970 and approved for medical use by the FDA in the United States in 1977.[5][2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] Prostaglandin E2 works as well as prostaglandin E1 in babies.[5]
^ ab"Dinoprostone topical Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 17 December 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
^ abcdef"Dinoprostone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Xi_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefNorthern Neonatal Network (208). Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life (5 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 2010. ISBN 9780470750353. Archived from the original on 2017-01-13.
^British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 538–540. ISBN 9780857111562.
^Hwa J, Martin K (2017). "Chapter 18: The Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, & Related Compounds". In Katzung BG (ed.). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (14th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
^Smith WL, Urade Y, Jakobsson PJ (October 2011). "Enzymes of the cyclooxygenase pathways of prostanoid biosynthesis". Chemical Reviews. 111 (10): 5821–65. doi:10.1021/cr2002992. PMC 3285496. PMID 21942677.
^Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 361. ISBN 9781284057560.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2), also known as dinoprostone, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin with oxytocic properties that is used as a medication. Dinoprostone...
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The prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that bind and are activated by prostaglandinE2. They are members of the prostaglandin...
ProstaglandinE2 receptor 2, also known as EP2, is a prostaglandin receptor for prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) encoded by the human gene PTGER2: it is one of...
sequence, for the insulin gene Levuglandin E2, an aldehyde ProstaglandinE2, an abortifacient ProstaglandinE2 receptor, a human gene Iodine-deficiency...
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Prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3, 53kDa), is a prostaglandin receptor for prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) encoded by the human gene PTGER3; it is one of four identified...
"Structural basis for induced formation of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandinE2". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (32): 11110–11115...
ProstaglandinE2 receptor 4 (EP4) is a prostaglandin receptor for prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) encoded by the PTGER4 gene in humans; it is one of four identified...
Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes, EC 1.14.99.1)...
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α in prostanoid nomenclature), pharmaceutically termed dinoprost is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used in medicine to induce...
12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid) Prostaglandin D2 synthase to create prostaglandin D2 Prostaglandin E synthase to create prostaglandinE2 It rearranges non-enzymatically...
of Surgeons in London, showed aspirin suppressed the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. For this discovery he was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize...
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a naturally occurring prostaglandin and is also used as a medication (alprostadil). In infants with congenital heart defects...
administered intravenously to horses. A single dose has been shown to reduce prostaglandinE2 production and inflammatory exudate for up to 15 hours, although there...
the prostaglandin EP4 receptor, one out of the four prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) receptor subgroups. The EP4 receptor then mediates the prostaglandin-E2-elicited...
Prostacyclin (also called prostaglandin I2 or PGI2) is a prostaglandin member of the eicosanoid family of lipid molecules. It inhibits platelet activation...
Sulprostone is an analogue of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) that has oxytocic activity in assays of rat kidney cells and tissues. There are four known receptors...
non-selectively to block the prostaglandin synthesis by inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthesis 1 and 2. Prostaglandin functions in the body as a messenger...
alprostadil ProstaglandinE2 also known as dinoprostone Both types are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Prostaglandin E play...
especially similar to selective COX-2 inhibitors. Paracetamol inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by reducing the active form of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. This...
(1): 38–44. doi:10.4081/xeno.2011.e8. Cavar I (2010). "The role of prostaglandinE2 in acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice". Histol Histopathol...
Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin medication used to prevent and treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, induce labor, cause an abortion, and treat...
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swelling from inflammation. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, endogenous signaling molecules known to cause these symptoms. It does...
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