Ketorolac, sold under the brand name Toradol among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain.[2][3] Specifically it is recommended for moderate to severe pain.[4] Recommended duration of treatment is less than six days,[3] and in Switzerland not more than two days.[5] It is used by mouth, by nose, by injection into a vein or muscle, and as eye drops.[3][4] Effects begin within an hour and last for up to eight hours.[3]
Common side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, abdominal pain, swelling, and nausea.[3] Serious side effects may include stomach bleeding, kidney failure, heart attacks, bronchospasm, heart failure, and anaphylaxis.[3] Use is not recommended during the last part of pregnancy or during breastfeeding.[3] Ketorolac works by blocking cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX1 and COX2), thereby decreasing production of prostaglandins.[3][6]
Ketorolac was patented in 1976 and approved for medical use in 1989.[7][3] It is available as a generic medication.[4] In 2021, it was the 210th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2million prescriptions.[8][9]
Due to a series of deaths due to gastrointestinal bleeding and kidney failure, ketorolac as a pain medication was removed from the German market in 1993.[10] When ketorolac was introduced into Germany, it was often mis-used as an opioid replacement in pain therapy because its side effects were perceived as much less severe, it did not produce any dependence, and a dose was effective for 7–8 hours compared to morphine with 3–4 hours. As a very potent prostaglandin inhibitor, ketorolac diminishes the kidney's own defenses against vasoconstriction-related effects, e.g. during blood loss or high endogenous catecholamine levels.[11]
^"Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
^Mallinson T (2017). "A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 9 (12): 522–526. doi:10.12968/jpar.2017.9.12.522. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
^ abcdefghi"Ketorolac Tromethamine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
^ abcBritish national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 1144, 1302–1303. ISBN 9780857113382.
^"TORA-DOL Inj Lös 30 mg/ml". Kompendium (in German). 1 March 2022. Die Behandlung mit Ampullen ist bei akuten und schweren Schmerzzuständen angezeigt und sollte nicht länger als 2 Tage dauern.
^"DailyMed - ketorolac tromethamine tablet, film coated". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 521. ISBN 9783527607495.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Ketorolac - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Abverkauf von Ketorolac (TORATEX) gestoppt" [Sale of Ketorolac (TORATEX) stopped]. 1993.
^"Warnhinweis: Wie lange noch Analgetikum Ketorolac (Toratex)?" [Warning notice: How long anymore analgesic Ketorolac (Toratex)?] (in German). Arznei-Telegramm. 1993.
Ketorolac, sold under the brand name Toradol among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain. Specifically it is recommended...
367–72. PMC 2572451. PMID 12856055. Mallinson T (2017). "A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 9 (12): 522–526...
brand launched in India by Zydus in the year 2015. In 2019, injectable ketorolac tromethamine manufactured by Zydus (Cadila Healthcare) was recalled due...
"tromethamine salt" including Hemabate (carboprost as trometamol salt), and "ketorolac trometamol". In 2023 a strain of Pseudomonas hunanensis was found to be...
visits for pain treated with a parenterally administered narcotic or ketorolac (sickle cell crises), on average, compared to subjects who received a...
non-opioid (ketorolac) and opioid medications (morphine, fentanyl). Choice of analgesia is dependent on the cause of the pain, as ketorolac can worsen...
topical corticosteroids or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ketorolac, a topical NSAID, may be used, but it is not more effective than artificial...
cataract surgery – the role of combined therapy using phenylephrine and ketorolac". Patient Preference and Adherence. 10: 1795–1801. doi:10.2147/PPA.S90468...
of probenecid include those with captopril, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, naproxen, cephalosporins, quinolones, penicillins, methotrexate, zidovudine...
Burke A, Jamshidi R (December 2009). "Paracervical Block With Combined Ketorolac and Lidocaine in First-Trimester Surgical Abortion: A Randomized Controlled...
Diclofenac and ketorolac are the most used, one drop four times a day. It is worth noting, however, that diclofenac may delay wound healing and ketorolac should...
familiy medicine practitionor, advanced practitionors and RN's Addition of ketorolac may offer added benefit of improved pain control. paracervical block Archived...
nausea. Pain may be treated with anti-inflammatories, NSAIDs such as ketorolac or diclofenac. Opioids, such as morphine, less commonly may be used. NSAIDs...
Romundstad L, Kaasa T, Breivik H (October 2007). "Methylprednisolone and Ketorolac rapidly reduce hyperalgesia around a skin burn injury and increase pressure...
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