The periventricular nucleus is a thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the third ventricle, a composite structure of the hypothalamus. It functions in analgesia.
It is located in the rostral, intermediate, and caudal regions of the hypothalamus. The rostral region aids in the production of both somatostatin and thyroid releasing hormone. The intermediate portion aids in production of thyroid releasing hormone, somatostatin, leptin, gastrin, and neuropeptide Y. In humans and primates it also produces GnRH. Lastly the caudal region aids in sympathetic nervous system regulation, and is regarded as the rage center. The periventricular nucleus does not have an effective blood–brain barrier.[1]
11β-HSD2 expression turns cortisol into cortisone.[2]
^Ueno M, Akiguchi I, Hosokawa M, Kotani H, Kanenishi K, Sakamoto H (2000). "Blood-brain barrier permeability in the periventricular areas of the normal mouse brain". Acta Neuropathologica. 99 (4): 385–92. doi:10.1007/s004010051140. PMID 10787037. S2CID 125429.
^Seckl JR (1997). "11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Brain: A Novel Regulator of Glucocorticoid Action?". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 18 (1): 49–99. doi:10.1006/frne.1996.0143. PMID 9000459. S2CID 46477930.
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The periventricularnucleus is a thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the third ventricle, a composite structure of the hypothalamus. It...
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