negative regulation of cell population proliferation
hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
hyperosmotic response
chemical synaptic transmission
regulation of cell migration
response to heat
response to nutrient
response to acidic pH
response to steroid hormone
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
response to amino acid
cell-cell signaling
response to organonitrogen compound
digestion
cell surface receptor signaling pathway
regulation of signaling receptor activity
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
6750
20604
Ensembl
ENSG00000157005
ENSMUSG00000004366
UniProt
P61278
P60041
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_001048
NM_009215
RefSeq (protein)
NP_001039
NP_033241
Location (UCSC)
Chr 3: 187.67 – 187.67 Mb
Chr 16: 23.71 – 23.71 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or by several other names, is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones. Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion.[5][6]
Somatostatin has two active forms produced by the alternative cleavage of a single preproprotein: one consisting of 14 amino acids (shown in infobox to right), the other consisting of 28 amino acids.[7][8]
Among the vertebrates, there exist six different somatostatin genes that have been named: SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5 and SS6.[9] Zebrafish have all six.[9] The six different genes, along with the five different somatostatin receptors, allow somatostatin to possess a large range of functions.[10]
Humans have only one somatostatin gene, SST.[11][12][13]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157005 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004366 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"somatostatin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web. 04 mag. 2016 <http://www.britannica.com/science/somatostatin>.
^Nelson DL, Cox M (2021). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (8 ed.). Austin. ISBN 978-1-319-22800-2. OCLC 1243000176. The binding of somatostatin to its receptor in the pancreas leads to activation of an inhibitory G protein, or Gi, structurally homologous to Gs, that inhibits adenylyl cyclase and lowers [cAMP]. In this way, somatostatin inhibits the secretion of several hormones, including glucagon{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Costoff A. "Sect. 5, Ch. 4: Structure, Synthesis, and Secretion of Somatostatin". Endocrinology: The Endocrine Pancreas. Medical College of Georgia. p. 16. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
^"somatostatin preproprotein [Homo sapiens]". NCBI Reference Sequence. National Center for Biotechnology Information Support Center (NCBI).
^ abLiu Y, Lu D, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu X, Lin H (September 2010). "The evolution of somatostatin in vertebrates". Gene. 463 (1–2): 21–8. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2010.04.016. PMID 20472043.
^Gahete MD, Cordoba-Chacón J, Duran-Prado M, Malagón MM, Martinez-Fuentes AJ, Gracia-Navarro F, Luque RM, Castaño JP (July 2010). "Somatostatin and its receptors from fish to mammals". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1200 (1): 43–52. Bibcode:2010NYASA1200...43G. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05511.x. PMID 20633132. S2CID 23346102.
^"Entrez Gene: Somatostatin".
^Shen LP, Pictet RL, Rutter WJ (August 1982). "Human somatostatin I: sequence of the cDNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 79 (15): 4575–9. Bibcode:1982PNAS...79.4575S. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.15.4575. PMC 346717. PMID 6126875.
^Shen LP, Rutter WJ (April 1984). "Sequence of the human somatostatin I gene". Science. 224 (4645): 168–71. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..168S. doi:10.1126/science.6142531. PMID 6142531.
Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or by several other names, is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system...
Somatostatin receptors are receptors for the ligand somatostatin, a small neuropeptide associated with neural signaling, particularly in the post-synaptic...
name Sandostatin among others, is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone...
surgery will be curative. If surgery is contraindicated or not curative, somatostatin analogues or GH receptor antagonists may be used. Radiation therapy may...
Somatostatin receptor antagonists (or somatostatin inhibitors) are a class of chemical compounds that work by imitating the structure of the neuropeptide...
Somatostatin receptor type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR2 gene. The SSTR2 gene is located on chromosome 17 on the long arm in position...
Delta cells (δ-cells or D cells) are somatostatin-producing cells. They can be found in the stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets. Delta cells comprise...
Somatostatin receptor antagonists (or somatostatin inhibitors) are a class of chemical compounds that work by imitating the structure of the neuropeptide...
tumours express somatostatin receptors providing a unique target for imaging. Octreotide is a synthetic modification of somatostatin with a longer half-life...
Somatostatin receptor type 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR5 gene. Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many...
(GHRH or somatocrinin) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH or somatostatin) into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pituitary....
localize sarcoidosis. It is also called somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). Octreotide, a drug similar to somatostatin, is radiolabeled with indium-111...
Shekel Somatostatin receptor type 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR3 gene. Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of...
The somatostatin family is a protein family with somatostatin as titular member, a hormone which inhibits the release of the pituitary somatotropin (growth...
Somatostatin receptor type 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR4 gene. Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many...
edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/somatostatin.html Colorado State University - Biomedical Hypertextbooks - Somatostatin Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 5/5ch4/s5ch4_17"...
Somatostatin receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR1 gene. Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many...
bombesin or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) Inhibitory factor: somatostatin - acts on somatostatin-2 receptors on G cells. in a paracrine manner via local diffusion...
releases gastrin releasing peptide onto G cells. Finally, it also inhibits somatostatin release from D cells. The gastric phase: About sixty percent of the total...
acting directly on anterior pituitary and by stimulating the secretion of somatostatin from the hypothalamus. Somatomedins are a group of proteins that promote...
score is used to grade the uptake intensity of neuroendocrine tumors on somatostatin receptor imaging such as octreotide scan.[further explanation needed]...
production of both somatostatin and thyroid releasing hormone. The intermediate portion aids in production of thyroid releasing hormone, somatostatin, leptin, gastrin...
weeks into development, the pancreas starts producing insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. During the early stages of fetal development...
episodes of GHRH release and somatostatin release, which may reflect neuronal interactions between the GHRH and somatostatin cells, and negative feedback...
regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. As a part of the digestive system, it functions...
fasting VIP plasma level may confirm the diagnosis, and CT scan and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy are used to localise the tumor, which is usually...
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