PAK4 information

PAK4
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2BVA, 2CDZ, 2J0I, 2OV2, 2Q0N, 2X4Z, 4APP, 4FIE, 4FIF, 4FIG, 4FIH, 4FII, 4FIJ, 4JDH, 4JDI, 4JDJ, 4JDK, 4L67, 4NJD, 4O0V, 4O0X, 4O0Y, 5BMS, 4XBU, 4XBR
Identifiers
Aliases	PAK4, p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 4
External IDs	OMIM: 605451; MGI: 1917834; HomoloGene: 4300; GeneCards: PAK4; OMA:PAK4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	39,182,816 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	28,297,610 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	olfactory bulb; ; thoracic diaphragm; ; right uterine tube; ; right lung; ; parotid gland; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; anterior pituitary; ; minor salivary glands; ; pancreatic ductal cell; ; kidney;
	Top expressed in
	secondary oocyte; ; yolk sac; ; epithelium of stomach; ; otolith organ; ; hand; ; utricle; ; salivary gland; ; parotid gland; ; ascending aorta; ; submandibular gland;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; protein kinase activity; nucleotide binding; kinase activity; protein binding; ATP binding; cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion; protein serine/threonine kinase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus; focal adhesion;
Biological process	phosphorylation; cellular response to organic cyclic compound; protein phosphorylation; cell growth; dendritic spine development; cytoskeleton organization; cell cycle; cell population proliferation; cell migration; signal transduction; apoptotic process; cell-cell adhesion; Rho protein signal transduction; regulation of mitotic cell cycle; actin cytoskeleton organization; stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade; activation of protein kinase activity; regulation of apoptotic process; regulation of MAPK cascade; regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10298
	70584
	ENSG00000130669
	ENSMUSG00000030602
	O96013
	Q8BTW9
NM_001014831; NM_001014832; NM_001014833; NM_001014834; NM_001014835;
	NM_005884; NM_001394501
	NM_027470
	NP_001014831; NP_001014832; NP_001014834; NP_001014835; NP_005875
	NP_081746
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAK4 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

PAK4 is one of six members of the PAK family of serine/threonine kinases which are divided into group I (PAK1, PAK2 and PAK3) and group II (PAK4, PAK6 and PAK5/7).^[8]^[9] PAK4 localizes in sub-cellular domains of the cytoplasm and nucleus.^[8]^[10]^[11] PAK4 regulates cytoskeleton remodeling, phenotypic signaling and gene expression, and affects directional motility, invasion, metastasis, and growth.^[12] Similar to PAK1, PAK4-signaling-dependent cellular functions also regulate both physiologic and disease processes such as cancer, as PAK4 is overexpressed and/or hyperstimulated in human cancer, at-large.^[13]^[14]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130669 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030602 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Abo A, Qu J, Cammarano MS, Dan C, Fritsch A, Baud V, Belisle B, Minden A (November 1998). "PAK4, a novel effector for Cdc42Hs, is implicated in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in the formation of filopodia". The EMBO Journal. 17 (22): 6527–40. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.22.6527. PMC 1171000. PMID 9822598.
^ Bagrodia S, Cerione RA (September 1999). "Pak to the future". Trends in Cell Biology. 9 (9): 350–5. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01618-9. PMID 10461188.
^ "Entrez Gene: PAK4 p21(CDKN1A)-activated kinase 4".
^ ^a ^b Abo A, Qu J, Cammarano MS, Dan C, Fritsch A, Baud V, Belisle B, Minden A (November 1998). "PAK4, a novel effector for Cdc42Hs, is implicated in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in the formation of filopodia". The EMBO Journal. 17 (22): 6527–40. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.22.6527. PMC 1171000. PMID 9822598.
^ Vadlamudi RK, Kumar R (December 2003). "P21-activated kinases in human cancer". Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. 22 (4): 385–93. doi:10.1023/a:1023729130497. PMID 12884913. S2CID 5763102.
^ Li Y, Shao Y, Tong Y, Shen T, Zhang J, Li Y, Gu H, Li F (February 2012). "Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of PAK4 modulates β-catenin intracellular translocation and signaling". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1823 (2): 465–75. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.013. PMID 22173096.
^ Callow MG, Zozulya S, Gishizky ML, Jallal B, Smeal T (May 2005). "PAK4 mediates morphological changes through the regulation of GEF-H1". Journal of Cell Science. 118 (Pt 9): 1861–72. doi:10.1242/jcs.02313. PMID 15827085.
^ Shao YG, Ning K, Li F (January 2016). "Group II p21-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 22 (3): 1224–35. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1224. PMC 4716033. PMID 26811660.
^ Li X, Liu F, Li F (April 2010). "PAK as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets. 14 (4): 419–33. doi:10.1517/14728221003642019. PMID 20146633. S2CID 29910668.
^ Kumar R, Li DQ (2016). PAKs in Human Cancer Progression: From Inception to Cancer Therapeutic to Future Oncobiology. Vol. 130. pp. 137–209. doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2016.01.002. ISBN 978-0-12-804789-7. PMID 27037753. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130669 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030602 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9822598-5] Abo A, Qu J, Cammarano MS, Dan C, Fritsch A, Baud V, Belisle B, Minden A (November 1998). "PAK4, a novel effector for Cdc42Hs, is implicated in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in the formation of filopodia". The EMBO Journal. 17 (22): 6527–40. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.22.6527. PMC 1171000. PMID 9822598.

[pmid10461188-6] Bagrodia S, Cerione RA (September 1999). "Pak to the future". Trends in Cell Biology. 9 (9): 350–5. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01618-9. PMID 10461188.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: PAK4 p21(CDKN1A)-activated kinase 4".

[A-8] Abo A, Qu J, Cammarano MS, Dan C, Fritsch A, Baud V, Belisle B, Minden A (November 1998). "PAK4, a novel effector for Cdc42Hs, is implicated in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in the formation of filopodia". The EMBO Journal. 17 (22): 6527–40. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.22.6527. PMC 1171000. PMID 9822598.

[9] Vadlamudi RK, Kumar R (December 2003). "P21-activated kinases in human cancer". Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. 22 (4): 385–93. doi:10.1023/a:1023729130497. PMID 12884913. S2CID 5763102.

[F-10] Li Y, Shao Y, Tong Y, Shen T, Zhang J, Li Y, Gu H, Li F (February 2012). "Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of PAK4 modulates β-catenin intracellular translocation and signaling". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1823 (2): 465–75. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.013. PMID 22173096.

[T-11] Callow MG, Zozulya S, Gishizky ML, Jallal B, Smeal T (May 2005). "PAK4 mediates morphological changes through the regulation of GEF-H1". Journal of Cell Science. 118 (Pt 9): 1861–72. doi:10.1242/jcs.02313. PMID 15827085.

[12] Shao YG, Ning K, Li F (January 2016). "Group II p21-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 22 (3): 1224–35. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1224. PMC 4716033. PMID 26811660.

[13] Li X, Liu F, Li F (April 2010). "PAK as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets. 14 (4): 419–33. doi:10.1517/14728221003642019. PMID 20146633. S2CID 29910668.

[14] Kumar R, Li DQ (2016). PAKs in Human Cancer Progression: From Inception to Cancer Therapeutic to Future Oncobiology. Vol. 130. pp. 137–209. doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2016.01.002. ISBN 978-0-12-804789-7. PMID 27037753. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

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